The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women compared with children for tracking malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In malarious areas, pregnant women are more likely to have detectable malaria than are their non-pregnant peers, and the excess risk of infection varies with gravidity. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinic for their first visit are a potential pragmatic sentinel group to track the intensity of malaria transmission; however, the relation between malaria prevalence in children, a standard measure to estimate malaria endemicity, and pregnant women has never been compared. METHODS: We obtained data on malaria prevalence in pregnancy from the Malaria in Pregnancy Library (January, 2015) and data for children (0-59 months) were obtained from recently published work on parasite prevalence in Africa and the Malaria in Pregnancy Library. We used random effects meta-analysis to obtain a pooled prevalence ratio (PPR) of malaria in children versus pregnant women (during pregnancy, not at delivery) and by gravidity, and we used meta-regression to assess factors affecting the prevalence ratio. FINDINGS: We used data from 18 sources that included 57 data points. There was a strong linear relation between the prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women and children (r=0·87, p<0·0001). Prevalence was higher in children when compared with all gravidae (PPR=1·44, 95% CI 1·29-1·62; I(2)=80%, 57 studies), and against multigravidae (1·94, 1·68-2·24; I(2)=80%, 7 studies), and marginally higher against primigravidae (1·16, 1·05-1·29; I(2)=48%, 8 studies). PPR was higher in areas of higher transmission. INTERPRETATION: Malaria prevalence in pregnant women is strongly correlated with prevalence data in children obtained from household surveys, and could provide a pragmatic adjunct to survey strategies to track trends in malaria transmission in Africa. FUNDING: The Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium, which is funded through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and Wellcome Trust, UK.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“literature suggests prevalence among children is representative of prevalence among pregnant women, especially among primigravidae and in areas of low transmission (<5%) [23].”
From Global estimates of pregnancies at risk of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection in 2020 and changes in risk patterns since 2000 (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The rate of P. falciparum infection among 2 to 10 year olds, as generated by the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP), has been used as a proxy for malaria among pregnant women [23, 24].”
From Global estimates of pregnancies at risk of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection in 2020 and changes in risk patterns since 2000 (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
Ethiopia demographic and health survey, 2000
Central Statistical Agency, & Ethiopia (2017) · Cited by 3,873
Analysing data and undertaking meta‐analyses
Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P., Altman, D. G., & on behalf of the Cochrane Statistical Methods Group (2019) · Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions · doi:10.1002/9781119536604.ch10 · Cited by 2,672
Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: An update
DerSimonian, R., & Kacker, R. (2007) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2006.04.004 · Cited by 2,374
Comparing methods of measurement: why plotting difference against standard method is misleading
Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1995) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91748-9 · Cited by 2,343
Improved tests for a random effects meta‐regression with a single covariate
Knapp, G., & Hartung, J. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1482 · Cited by 2,075
Analysing Data and Undertaking Meta‐Analyses
Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P., & Altman, D. G. (2008) · Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions · doi:10.1002/9780470712184.ch9 · Cited by 1,800
Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 1989
Kenya, & Std Control Programme (1989) · Cited by 1,756
Demographic and Health Surveys
Larmarange, J., Vallo, R., Yaro, S., Méda, N., Ferry, B., Larmarange, J., & Ird, D. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-6819 · Cited by 1,455
Jones, H. E. (2010) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01108.x · Cited by 1,447
Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy
Desai, M., ter Kuile, F. O., Nosten, F., McGready, R., Asamoa, K., Brabin, B., & Newman, R. D. (2007) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70021-x · Cited by 1,432
Doolan, D. L., Dobaño, C., & Baird, J. K. (2009) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00025-08 · Cited by 1,363
Harbord, R. M., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2008) · The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x0800800403 · Cited by 897
ter Kuile, F. O., Parise, M. E., Verhoeff, F. H., Udhayakumar, V., Newman, R. D., van Eijk, A. M., Rogerson, S. J., & Steketee, R. W. (2004) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.41 · Cited by 364
Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission
Hay, S. I., Smith, D. L., & Snow, R. W. (2008) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70069-0 · Cited by 339
Self-citationA strategic framework for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in the African region
Ntirushwa, D. (2010) · Cited by 313
Kayentao, K., Garner, P., Maria van Eijk, A., Naidoo, I., Roper, C., Mulokozi, A., MacArthur, J. R., Luntamo, M., Ashorn, P., Doumbo, O. K., et al. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.216231 · Cited by 298
Noor, A. M., Kinyoki, D. K., Mundia, C. W., Kabaria, C. W., Mutua, J. W., Alegana, V. A., Fall, I. S., & Snow, R. W. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62566-0 · Cited by 270
Self-citationFixed-effect versus random-effects models
(2009) · Introduction to Meta‐Analysis · doi:10.1002/9780470743386.ch13 · Cited by 247
Socioeconomic development as an intervention against malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tusting, L., Willey, B., Lucas, H., Thompson, J. R., Kafy, H. T., Smith, R. D., & Lindsay, S. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60851-x · Cited by 216
van Eijk, A. M., Hill, J., Alegana, V. A., Kirui, V., Gething, P. W., ter Kuile, F. O., & Snow, R. W. (2011) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70295-4 · Cited by 159
Self-citationGraves, P. M., Richards, F. O., Ngondi, J., Emerson, P. M., Shargie, E. B., Endeshaw, T., Ceccato, P., Ejigsemahu, Y., Mosher, A. W., Hailemariam, A. T., et al. (2009) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.016 · Cited by 148
Kattenberg, J. H., Ochodo, E. A., Boer, K. R., Schallig, H. D., Mens, P. F., & Leeflang, M. M. (2011) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-321 · Cited by 138
van Eijk, A. M., Hill, J., Larsen, D. A., Webster, J., Steketee, R. W., Eisele, T. P., & ter Kuile, F. O. (2013) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70199-3 · Cited by 118
Self-citationHealth indicators: Eliminating bias from convenience sampling estimators
Hedt, B. L., & Pagano, M. (2011) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3920 · Cited by 107
Metselâar, D., & Thiel, P. H. V. (1959) · Tropical and geographical medicine · Cited by 91
Dicko, A., Mantel, C. F., Kouriba, B., Sagara, I., Thera, M. A., Doumbia, S., Diallo, M., Poudiougou, B., Diakité, M., & Doumbo, O. K. (2005) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01418.x · Cited by 88
Glynn, J. R., Buvé, A., Caraël, M., Musonda, R. M., Kahindo, M., Macauley, I. B., Tembo, F., & Zekeng, L. A. (2001) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-200109070-00016 · Cited by 82
Malaria, primigravidae, and antibodies: knowledge gained and future perspectives
Ataíde, R., Mayor, A. G., & Rogerson, S. J. (2014) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.007 · Cited by 78
The use of schools for malaria surveillance and programme evaluation in Africa
BROOKER, S. J., Kolaczinski, J. H., Gitonga, C. W., Noor, A. M., & Snow, R. W. (2009) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-231 · Cited by 78
Self-citationDicko, A., Mantel, C. F., Thera, M. A., Doumbia, S., Diallo, M., Diakité, M., Sagara, I., & Doumbo, O. K. (2003) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.07.001 · Cited by 77
Tagbor, H. K., Cairns, M. E., Bojang, K., Coulibaly, S. O., Kayentao, K., Williams, J. E., Abubakar, I., Akor, F., Mohammed, K., Bationo, R., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132247 · Cited by 74
McElroy, P. D., Lal, A. A., Hawley, W. A., Bloland, P. B., ter Kuile, F. O., Oloo, A. J., Harlow, S. D., Lin, X., & Nahlen, B. L. (1999) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.932 · Cited by 70
Rice, B. D., Bätzing-Feigenbaum, J., Hosegood, V., Tanser, F. C., Hill, C., Bärnighausen, T., Herbst, K., Welz, T., & Newell, M. (2007) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-160 · Cited by 58
Rwanda Interim Demographic and Health Survey 2007-08
Rwanda, & Macro, I. (2009) · Cited by 50
Is the Scale Up of Malaria Intervention Coverage Also Achieving Equity?
Steketee, R. W., & Eisele, T. P. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008409 · Cited by 48
Five years of malaria control in the continental region, Equatorial Guinea
Rehman, A. M., Mann, A. G., Schwabe, C., Reddy, M. R., Gomes, I. R., Slotman, M. A., Yellott, L., Matías, A., Caccone, A., Nchama, G. N., et al. (2013) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-154 · Cited by 42
Deribew, A., Alemseged, F., Birhanu, Z., Sena, L. D., Tegegn, A., Zeynudin, A., Dejene, T., Sudhakar, M. N., Abdo, N., & Tessema, F. (2010) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-121 · Cited by 40
Kalanda, G., Hill, J., Verhoeff, F. H., & Brabin, B. J. (2006) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01608.x · Cited by 35
Self-citationReproductive health issues in rural Western Kenya
van Eijk, A. M., Lindblade, K. A., Odhiambo, F., Peterson, E., Sikuku, E. S., Ayisi, J., Ouma, P., Rosen, D. H., & Slutsker, L. (2008) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-5-1 · Cited by 30
The Malaria in Pregnancy Library: a bibliometric review
van Eijk, A. M., Hill, J., Povall, S., Reynolds, A. J., Wong, H., & ter Kuile, F. O. (2012) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-362 · Cited by 30
Self-citationIs the HIV burden in India being overestimated?
Dandona, L., Lakshmi, V., Kumar, G. A., & Dandona, R. (2006) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-308 · Cited by 28
Malaria indicator survey 2009, South Sudan: baseline results at household level
Eyobo, M. B., Awur, A. C., Wani, G., Julla, A., Remijo, C. D., Sebit, B., Azairwe, R., Thabo, O., Bepo, E., Lako, R. L. L., et al. (2014) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-45 · Cited by 27
Tagbor, H. K., Bruce, J., Ord, R. L., Randall, A., Browne, E. N. L., Greenwood, B. M., & Chandramohan, D. (2007) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01927.x · Cited by 19
Angola Malaria Indicator Survey 2006-07
Lda, C. D. S. E. E. P. C. C., & Lda, C. D. G. E. A. E. S. –. C. (2007) · Cited by 17
Yg, M., & Malle, L. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Epidemiology and the Burden of malaria in Mozambique, The
Mabunda, S. (2006) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 5
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Burden, pathology, and costs of malaria in pregnancy: new developments for an old problem
Rogerson, S. J., Desai, M., Mayor, A., Sicuri, E., Taylor, S. M., & van Eijk, A. M. (2018) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30066-5 · Cited by 306
Application of nanodiagnostics in point-of-care tests for infectious diseases
Wang, Y., Yu, L., Kong, X., & Sun, L. (2017) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s137338 · Cited by 133
Thawer, S. G., Chacky, F., Runge, M., Reaves, E., Mandike, R., Lazaro, S., Mkude, S., Rumisha, S. F., Kumalija, C., Lengeler, C., et al. (2020) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03250-4 · Cited by 100
Self-citationHerdiana, H., Cotter, C., Coutrier, F. N., Zarlinda, I., Zelman, B. W., Tirta, Y. K., Greenhouse, B., Gosling, R. D., Baker, P., Whittaker, M. A., et al. (2016) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1523-z · Cited by 120
Human infectious diseases and risk of preeclampsia: an updated review of the literature
Shiadeh, M. N., Moghadam, Z. B., Adam, I., Saber, V., Bagheri, M., & Rostami, A. (2017) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-017-1031-2 · Cited by 82
Metadata
- Authors
- van Eijk, A. M., Hill, J., Noor, A. M., Snow, R. W., & ter Kuile, F. O.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KE)
- Venue
- The Lancet Global Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e617-e628
- ISSN
- 2214-109X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4673091
- OpenAlex
- W2125571993
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Global Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Repository (Bushehr University of Medical Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, CDC
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
- Wellcome Trust (079080, 103602, 095127)
- UK's Department for International Development
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Keywords
- malaria in pregnancy, malaria prevalence, children under five, malaria transmission intensity, gravidity, primigravida, multigravidae, antenatal care attendance, sentinel surveillance, sub-Saharan Africa, parasite prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antimalarials, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Malaria, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Regression Analysis, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Prevalence, Africa South of the Sahara, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
