Cited by 1,000Criminal Justice and Corrections AnalysisPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingMental Health Treatment and Access

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Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions

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Fazel, Seena, Hayes, Adrian J, Bartellas, Katrina, Clerici, Massimo, Trestman, Robert·2016·The Lancet Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30142-0PMC PMC5008459

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Abstract

More than 10 million people are imprisoned worldwide, and the prevalence of all investigated mental disorders is higher in prisoners than in the general population. Although the extent to which prison increases the incidence of mental disorders is uncertain, considerable evidence suggests low rates of identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Prisoners are also at increased risk of all-cause mortality, suicide, self-harm, violence, and victimisation, and research has outlined some modifiable risk factors. Few high quality treatment trials have been done on psychiatric disorders in prisoners. Despite this lack of evidence, trial data have shown that opiate substitution treatments reduce substance misuse relapse and possibly reoffending. The mental health needs of women and older adults in prison are distinct, and national policies should be developed to meet these. In this Review, we present clinical, research, and policy recommendations to improve mental health care in prisons. National attempts to meet these recommendations should be annually surveyed.

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Authors: Fazel, S., Hayes, A. J., Bartellas, K., Clerici, M., & Trestman, R.
Affiliations: Warneford Hospital (GB)
University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
UConn Health (US)
Corresponding author: Fazel, Seena
ORCID: Fazel, Seena
Hayes, Adrian J
Clerici, Massimo
Trestman, Robert
Venue: The Lancet Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-09
Volume: 3
Issue: 9
Pages: 871-881
ISSN: 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30142-0
PMC: PMC5008459
OpenAlex: W2469464216
Cited by: 992
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 93 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 131 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 4
FWCI: 21.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (095806)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: prison mental health, psychiatric disorders in prison, prevalence of mental disorders, prison suicide, self-harm, prison violence, victimization, risk factors, prison mental health services, opioid substitution therapy, recidivism, women prisoners, older prisoners, mental health policy
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Humans, Prisoners, Prevalence, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome

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