The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Adam Smith and the Character of Virtue
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a renewed debate over the costs at which the benefits of free markets have been bought. This book revisits the moral and political philosophy of Adam Smith, capitalism's founding father, to recover his understanding of the morals of the market age. In so doing it illuminates a crucial albeit overlooked side of Smith's project: his diagnosis of the ethical ills of commercial societies and the remedy he advanced to cure them. Focusing on Smith's analysis of the psychological and social ills endemic to commercial society - anxiety and restlessness, inauthenticity and mediocrity, alienation and individualism - it argues that Smith sought to combat corruption by cultivating the virtues of prudence, magnanimity and beneficence. The result constitutes a new morality for modernity, at once a synthesis of commercial, classical and Christian virtues and a normative response to one of the most pressing political problems of Smith's day and ours.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“More recent arguments about the positive moral effects of the market order that focus on virtues and vices associated with that order include Deirdre McCloskey's three- volume defence of capitalism and an important paper by economists Luigi Bruni and Robert Sugden. 12”
From Alasdair MacIntyre and Adam Smith on markets, virtues and ends in a capitalist economy (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“One of the discoveries of recent Smith scholarship has been his indebtedness to Aristotle (Hanley, 2009; Vivenza, 2001, 2009).”
From Alasdair MacIntyre and Adam Smith on markets, virtues and ends in a capitalist economy (2023) · cites this paper as Hanley, 2009
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 308
Brady, M. E. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3133894
Satisfaction in Action: Hume's Comparative Theory of Preferences and the Virtues of CommercePreprint
Matson, E. W. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3557266
Was François Fénelon a Political Philosopher?
Kates, G. (2021) · Modern Intellectual History · doi:10.1017/s1479244321000147
Fénelon and the refinement of self-love
Turner, B. P. (2021) · European Journal of Political Theory · doi:10.1177/14748851211002013
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.002
From Communitarianism to Civic Friendship
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.006
What Is the Use of Civic Friendship?
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.009
Mass Society and Civic Friendship
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.008
The human good and the science of man
Hanley, R. P. (2021) · History of European Ideas · doi:10.1080/01916599.2021.1950312
Self-citationHumanomics Spans the Two Worlds of Adam Smith
Smith, V. L. S., & Wilson, B. J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108185561.002
Aires, U. D. B., Piqué, P., & Argentina (2021) · Cultura económica · doi:10.46553/cecon.39.101.2021.p67-84
Hotori, E., Wendschlag, M., & Giddey, T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_1
Schwarze, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778473.002
Commercial Society and Civic Friendship
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.007
Schwarze, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778473.007
Schwarze, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778473.006
Chronology of Events Relating to the Scottish Enlightenment
Broadie, A., & Smith, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355063.001
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.010
Why Associations Replaced Civic Friendship
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.004
Innocent Resentment, Sympathy, and Liberal Duty in Butler
Schwarze, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778473.003
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.001
Wall, S. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139942478.023
Broadie, A., & Smith, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355063.020
Schwarze, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778473.001
Friendships from Utility and Activity
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.003
Berry, C. J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355063.014
The Nineteenth-Century Aftermath
Graham, G. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355063.019
Schwarze, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778473.004
Why Associations Are Really Civic Friendships
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.005
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.012
Brady, M. E. (2020) · Review of Economics and Finance · doi:10.55365/1923.x2020.18.08
Khalil, E. L. (2022) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/ygpmq
Milnes, T. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198812739.003.0006
(2012) · Cahiers d économie politique · doi:10.3917/cep.062.0253
Guyer, P. D. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee429.pub2
Garrett, A. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee461
Broadie, A., & Smith, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355063.021
Ludwig, P. W. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139149365.011
Schwarze, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778473.008
The Rhetorical Structure of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (and What Caused It)
Ortmann, A., & Walraevens, B. (2022) · Palgrave studies in the history of economic thought · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99704-5_2
Capitalism and the Good Society: The Original Case for and Against Commerce
Cullen, D. E. (2022) · Studies in economic history · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06477-7_20
Piqué, P. (2022) · Ideas y Valores · doi:10.15446/ideasyvalores.v71n178.74066
Bowker, M. H. (2022) · Punctum Books · doi:10.53288/0388.1.00
The Presbyterian Virtue of Thrift in Traditional Scottish Banking
Robson, A. (2022) · Palgrave studies in workplace spirituality and fulfillment · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09349-4_6
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0006
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0011
Cost-Benefit Analysis as Moral Science
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0016
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.002.0008
A Brief History of the Human Condition
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0022
Rational Choice Theory’s Silence About Ends
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0018
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0004
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0007
Political Economy and the Rule of Law
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0015
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0003
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.002.0003
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0001
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0019
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0023
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0005
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.002.0004
The Moral Science of Adam Smith
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0013
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.002.0006
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.002.0009
Navigating the Terrain of Reasons
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0020
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0010
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0009
Schmidtz, D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197658505.003.0008
Adam Smith's Colonial Thought on South America
Nohara, S. (2023) · Revue d’études benthamiennes · doi:10.4000/etudes-benthamiennes.10881
¿Relativismo moral en Adam Smith?
Becker, M. T. C. (2023) · Open Insight · doi:10.23924/oi.v14i32.576
El concepto smithiano de obligación política. Ilusión, virtud y felicidad en la sociedad comercial
Guerra, N. D. (2023) · Revista de filosofía · doi:10.4067/s0718-43602023000100109
Butler and the Scottish Enlightenment: His Relationship with Adam Smith
Nohara, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9903-3_8
Research Questions, Aims and Expected Results
Bonfiglioli, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56779-7_1
Natural Self-correction and Human Beings
Bonfiglioli, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56779-7_7
Immediacy as Philosophical Problem in Adam Smith’s Moral Theory
Bonfiglioli, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56779-7_9
A Synthesis of Adam Smith’s Conception of Human Nature
Bonfiglioli, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56779-7_5
Perfect and Imperfect Sympathy in Adam Smith’s Moral Philosophy
Bonfiglioli, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56779-7_8
The Corruption of Moral Sentiments and Moralists
Taka, T. (2024) · Keizaigakushi Gakkai nenpo/Keizaigakushi Gakkai nempō · doi:10.5362/jshet.65.2_1
Adam Smith y la belleza moral de la igualdad
Otteson, J. R. (2024) · Estudios Públicos · doi:10.38178/07183089/1443240502
UNA RECONSTRUCCIÓN DEL CONCEPTO SMITHIANO DE OBLIGACIÓN POLÍTICA*
Guerra, N. D. (2024) · Télos · doi:10.15304/telos.26.1-2.9765
Topiary and false jewels: Adam Smith on magnificence, aesthetic value, and market value
Zuckert, R. (2024) · Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.1093/jaac/kpae037
Agreement is money: beyond the chartalist reading of Adam Smith
Bee, M., & Curi, L. F. B. (2024) · European Journal of the History of Economic Thought · doi:10.1080/09672567.2024.2433969
Marchevsky, J. F. (2025) · Journal of the History of Economic Thought · doi:10.1017/s1053837224000506
The State and Public Services: The Welfare State
Kinder, T. (2025) · Contributions to Public Administration and Public Policy · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81140-1_6
“The poor man’s son” and Adam Smith’s theory of beauty
Rathbone, M. (2025) · Koers - Bulletin for Christian Scholarship · doi:10.19108/koers.90.1.2594
Issaoui, I. (2025) · Philosophia · doi:10.1007/s11406-025-00886-x
Leader Virtues Promote Resilience and Sustainability
Mankelwicz, J. M. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-646-620251017
Introduction: Discourses, “Moral,” and the Economic
Yoon, H.-J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0958-4_1
Adam Smith on markets and their potential to benefit the poorest in society
Choi, G. S., & Storr, V. H. (2025) · Constitutional Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s10602-025-09497-w
Cheang, B. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198984184.003.0001
Gomes, P. M. A. (2024) · Repositório do ISCTE-IUL
Empathy as a constituent of social reality: an ontological reading of Adam Smith
Yamamori, T. (2025) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/beaf048
The Concept of Emotions in Christianity
Corrigan, J. F., & Corrigan, J. F. (2026) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783112205860-003
Commerce and Communion: Business, Profit and the Circulation of Wealth in Christian Thought
Herdt, J. A. (2026) · Sophia studies in cross-cultural philosophy of traditions and cultures · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01137-4_2
Piqué, P. (2026) · Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought · doi:10.5209/ijhe.102204
Anticipation et prévention de la corruption : entre philosophie morale et modèles économiques
Labic, P. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/aae46983z78a0z4a39z9d47zf160567d9a09
The crisis of commercial society: Adam Smith and the age of political capitalism
Pacateque, J. D. B. (2026) · Constitutional Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s10602-026-09515-5
Affective Infrastructure: Cultivating Institutional Character in Corporate Practice
Agbeyegbe, T. D. (2026) · Businesses · doi:10.3390/businesses6020024
Unveiling Adam Smith’s Invisible Hands: Transcending Giorgio Agamben’s Economic Theology
Rathbone, M. (2026) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel17050617
Modern State Capacity in The Wealth of Nations
Liu, G. M., & Weingast, B. R. V. (2026) · History of Political Economy · doi:10.1215/00182702-12636636
Metadata
- Authors
- Hanley, R. P.
- Affiliations
- Marquette University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hanley, Ryan Patrick
- ORCID
- Hanley, Ryan Patrick
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2009-06-22
- OpenAlex
- W4292249351
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Historical Economic and Legal Thought
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Society, Economy, and Ethics Research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- Adam Smith, virtue ethics, commercial society, ethics, capitalism, prudence, magnanimity, beneficence, alienation, individualism, anxiety, inauthenticity, Christian virtues, classical virtues, modernity, free market
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review