COMMUNITY AND CIVIL SOCIETY
Abstract
A translation of Ferdinand Tönnies Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft: an Essay on Communism and Socialism as Historical Social Systems (1887) re-issued as Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft: fundamental Concepts in Pure Sociology (1912, 1920, 1935) ‘According to Xenocrates, the reason for the invention of philosophy is to remove the disorderly element in the affairs of life’ (Galen, History of Philosophy , c.3).
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By the nineteenth century, the European folk and non-Western primitives became subjects for exploring authentic or organic community distinct from modern industrial society, as in Tönnies's Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft distinction.
“By the nineteenth century, the “folk” in Europe and the “primitives” abroad had become subjects for exploring an authentic or organic form of community, distinct from the increasingly rationalized, bureaucratic, and differentiated modern industrial society”
From Folk, Popular, or Minjian Religion? (2019) · cites this paper as Tönnies 2001
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Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations.
Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015141 · Cited by 4,560 · see citing works
Hill Collins, P. (2010) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122410363293 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2009) · Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320916.003.015 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Folk, Popular, or Minjian Religion?
Palmer, D. A. (2019) · Review of Religion and Chinese Society · doi:10.1163/22143955-00602001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tönnies, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ferdinand Tönnies
- Venue
- Ferdinand Tönnies Community and Civil Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2001-07-02
- Pages
- 1-2
- OpenAlex
- W570572568
- Cited by
- 878
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 27.99
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Weber, Simmel, Sociological Theory
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › German Social Sciences and History
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Legal and Social Philosophy
- Keywords
- Ferdinand Tönnies, Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft, Gemeinschaft, Gesellschaft, civil society, community, communism, socialism, pure sociology, sociology of society
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