The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The neural theory of metaphor
Open accessAbstract
The neural revolution is changing our understanding of the brain and the mind in radical ways, and that is no less true in the theory of metaphor. It is 30 years since Mark Johnson and I wrote Metaphors We Live By in 1979. Though the fundamental outlines of what we discovered remain as valid today as they were then, developments in brain science and neural computation have vastly enriched our understanding of how conceptual metaphor works. This is an intermediate report, as of January 2009.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226470993.001.0001 · Cited by 20,632
Self-citationThe contemporary theory of metaphor
Lakoff, G. (1993) · Metaphor and Thought · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139173865.013 · Cited by 5,349
Self-citationThe Brain's concepts: the role of the Sensory-motor system in conceptual knowledge
Gallese †, V., & Lakoff, G. (2005) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290442000310 · Cited by 2,726
Self-citationOrtony, A. (1979) · Cited by 2,159
Toward a Cognitive Semantics: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring
Talmy, L. (2000) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/6848.001.0001 · Cited by 2,111
Lakoff, G. P. (1999) · Cited by 1,976
Self-citationLakoff, G. P., & Núñez, R. E. (2000) · Cited by 682
Self-citationFauconnier, G., & Turner, M. B. (2002) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 592
Grady, J., Oakley, T., & Coulson, S. (1999) · Current Issues in Linguistic Theory · doi:10.1075/cilt.175.07gra · Cited by 577
The Human Semantic Potential: Spatial Language and Constrained Connectionism
Regier, T. (1996) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3608.001.0001 · Cited by 554
Cited by
The contemporary theory of metaphor — now new and improved!
Steen, G. J. (2011) · Review of Cognitive Linguistics · doi:10.1075/rcl.9.1.03ste · Cited by 386
Mapping the brain's metaphor circuitry: metaphorical thought in everyday reason
Lakoff, G. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00958 · Cited by 335
Self-citationAbstraction and analogy‐making in artificial intelligence
Mitchell, M. (2021) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14619 · Cited by 125
Faur, E., & Speranza, C. (2025) · ENERGEIA. ONLINE JOURNAL FOR LINGUISTICS, LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS · doi:10.55245/energeia.2025.01
Metadata
- Authors
- Lakoff, G.
- Venue
- The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2008-09-22
- Pages
- 17-38
- OpenAlex
- W2101088913
- Cited by
- 912
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 67.86
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The neural theory of metaphor. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/cbo9780511816802.003
- The paper
- Lakoff, G. (2008). The neural theory of metaphor. The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511816802.003
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.