The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Fire in Mediterranean Ecosystems: Ecology, Evolution and Management
Abstract
Exploring the role of fire in each of the five Mediterranean-type climate ecosystems, this book offers a unique view of the evolution of fire-adapted traits and the role of fire in shaping Earth's ecosystems. Analyzing these geographically separate but ecologically convergent ecosystems provides key tools for understanding fire regime diversity and its role in the assembly and evolutionary convergence of ecosystems. Topics covered include regional patterns, the ecological role of wildfires, the evolution of species within those systems, and the ways in which societies have adapted to living in fire-prone environments. Outlining complex processes clearly and methodically, the discussion challenges the belief that climate and soils alone can explain the global distribution and assembly of plant communities. An ideal research tool for graduates and researchers, this study provides valuable insights into fire management and the requirements for regionally tailored approaches to fire management across the globe.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“EWEs in the MCRs may be best treated as unavoidable episodic events like hurricanes and earthquakes [1], where the inevitability of their occurrence frees us to focus more on minimizing the damage they do.”
From Wildfire management in Mediterranean-type regions: paradigm change needed (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 885
Pfoch, K. A., Dirk Pflugmacher, A., Okujeni, A., & Hostert, P. (2023) · Science of Remote Sensing · doi:10.1016/j.srs.2023.100097 · Cited by 21
Alfaro‐Sánchez, R., Serrano, F. R. L., Rubio, E., Sánchez‐Salguero, R., Moya, D., Hernández‐Tecles, E., & Heras, J. D. L. (2015) · Annals of Forest Science · doi:10.1007/s13595-015-0480-y · Cited by 21
Cousins, S. R., Witkowski, E. T. F., Pfab, M. F., Riddles, R. E., & Mycock, D. J. (2013) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.02.174 · Cited by 21
Vasey, M. C., Parker, V. T., Holl, K. D., Loik, M. E., & Hiatt, S. (2014) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.1211 · Cited by 21
Capra, G. F., Tidu, S., Lovreglio, R., Certini, G., Salis, M., Bacciu, V., Ganga, A., & Peter Filzmoser, A. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.099 · Cited by 21
Molina, C. M., Martín, O. K., & Martín, L. G. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.066 · Cited by 21
Kazancı, D. D., & Tavşanoğlu, Ç. (2019) · Folia Geobotanica · doi:10.1007/s12224-019-09349-0 · Cited by 21
López‐Mársico, L., Farías-Moreira, L., Lezama, F., Altesor, A., & Rodríguez, C. (2019) · Folia Geobotanica · doi:10.1007/s12224-019-09336-5 · Cited by 21
Gaüzère, P., Iversen, L., Seddon, A. W. R., Violle, C., & Blonder, B. W. (2020) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13176 · Cited by 21
Paudel, A., Coppoletta, M., Merriam, K. E., & Markwith, S. H. (2022) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120079 · Cited by 21
Ecogeographical patterns in the incidence of brood parasitism in bees
Petanidou, T., Ellis, W. N., & Ellis-Adam, A. C. (1995) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1006/bijl.1995.0041 · Cited by 21
Postfire Ecosystem Restoration
Vallejo, V. R., & Alloza, J. A. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410434-1.00012-9 · Cited by 21
Eker, R., & Aydın, A. (2024) · Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment · doi:10.1007/s00477-024-02820-1 · Cited by 20
Çatav, Ş. S., Elgin, E. S., Dağ, Ç., Stark, J. L., & Küçükakyüz, K. (2018) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-018-1440-y · Cited by 20
Yıldız, C., Çömert, R., Tanyaş, H., Yılmaz, A., Akbaş, A., Akay, S. S., Yetemen, Ö., & Görüm, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1174155 · Cited by 20
Baeza, J., & Santana, V. M. (2015) · Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/plb.12369 · Cited by 20
Between- and within-biome resistance and resilience at the fynbos-forest ecotone, South Africa
MacPherson, A. J., Gillson, L., & Hoffman, M. T. (2019) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/0959683619862046 · Cited by 20
Hopkinson, P., Hammond, M., Bartolome, J. W., & Macaulay, L. T. (2020) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.13138 · Cited by 20
Rural Fire Risk Assessment in GIS Environment Using Fuzzy Logic and the AHP Approaches
Erdin, C., & Çağlar, M. (2021) · Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.15244/pjoes/136009 · Cited by 20
Fire and human management of late Holocene ecosystems in southern Africa
Davies, B., Power, M. J., Braun, D. R., Douglass, M., Mosher, S. G., Quick, L. J., Esteban, I., Sealy, J. C., Parkington, J. E., & Faith, J. T. (2022) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107600 · Cited by 20
Sequential Disturbance Effects of Hailstorm and Fire on Vegetation in a Mediterranean-Type Ecosystem
Gower, K., Fontaine, J. B., Birnbaum, C., & Enright, N. J. (2015) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-015-9886-5 · Cited by 20
Nioti, F., Xystrakis, F., Koutsias, N., & Dimopoulos, P. (2015) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs70607712 · Cited by 20
Muir, A. M., Vesk, P. A., & Hepworth, G. (2014) · Australian Journal of Botany · doi:10.1071/bt14117 · Cited by 19
Soil Erosion Quantification using Machine Learning in Sub-Watersheds of Northern Portugal
Folharini, S. D. O., Vieira, A., Bento‐Gonçalves, A., Silva, S., Marques, T., & Novais, J. (2022) · Hydrology · doi:10.3390/hydrology10010007 · Cited by 19
Marfella, L., Marzaioli, R., Pazienza, G., Mairota, P., Glanville, H. C., & Rutigliano, F. A. (2023) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121010 · Cited by 19
Stamou, Z., Xystrakis, F., & Koutsias, N. (2016) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.07.005 · Cited by 19
Fall rate of burnt pines across an elevational gradient in a Mediterranean mountain
Molinas‐González, C. R., Leverkus, A. B., Marañón‐Jiménez, S., & Castro, J. (2017) · European Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1007/s10342-017-1040-9 · Cited by 19
Chamorro, D., & Moreno, J. M. (2019) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1007/s11258-019-00931-2 · Cited by 19
Modelling fire hazard in the southern Mediterranean fire rim (Bejaia region, northern Algeria)
Aini, A. S. N., Curt, T., & Bekdouche, F. (2019) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7931-0 · Cited by 19
Romero, B., & Anne Ganteaume, A. (2020) · Annals of Forest Science · doi:10.1007/s13595-020-01016-1 · Cited by 19
Moghli, A., Santana, V. M., Soliveres, S., & Baeza, J. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150715 · Cited by 19
Spano, D., Snyder, R. L., & Cesaraccio, C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6925-0_10 · Cited by 19
A Characterization of Fire-Management Research: A Bibliometric Review of Global Networks and Themes
Neger, C., & Rosas-Paz, L. D. (2022) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire5040089 · Cited by 20
Fire behavior in chaparral–Evaluating flame models with laboratory data
Weise, D. R., Fletcher, T. H., Cole, W., Shankar Mahalingam, A., Zhou, X., Sun, L. C. H., & Li, J. (2018) · Combustion and Flame · doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.02.012 · Cited by 19
Jurskis, V. (2000) · Australian Forestry · doi:10.1080/00049158.2000.10674827 · Cited by 19
Wolpert, F., Quintas‐Soriano, C., Pulido, F. J. A., Huntsinger, L., & Plieninger, T. (2022) · Agroforestry Systems · doi:10.1007/s10457-022-00771-6 · Cited by 18
Hernández‐Duarte, A., Saavedra, F. A., González, E. J., Miranda, A., Francois, J. P., Somos‐Valenzuela, M. A., & Sibold, J. S. (2024) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire7120428 · Cited by 18
Cousins, S. R., Witkowski, E. T. F., & Pfab, M. F. (2015) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/aec.12318 · Cited by 18
Island Specialists: Shared Flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific Islands
Ratay, S. E., Vanderplank, S. E., & Wilder, B. T. (2014) · Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist · doi:10.3398/042.007.0116 · Cited by 18
Defining the role of fire in alleviating seed dormancy in a rare Mediterranean endemic subshrub
Cross, A. T., Paniw, M., Ojeda, F., Turner, S. R., Dixon, K. W., & Merritt, D. J. (2017) · AoB Plants · doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx036 · Cited by 18
Couillard, P.-L., Tremblay, J., Lavoie, M., & Payette, S. (2018) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.015 · Cited by 19
Spatial and temporal variations of overstory and understory fuels in Mediterranean landscapes
Sánchez‐Pinillos, M., Cáceres, M. D., Casals, P., Alvarez, A., Beltrán, M., Pausas, J. G., Vayreda, J., & Coll, L. (2021) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119094 · Cited by 18
Self-citationPost-fire Restoration of Mediterranean Pine Forests
Castro, J. (2021) · Managing forest ecosystems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63625-8_25 · Cited by 18
Fire effects on biochemical properties of a semiarid pine forest topsoil at cm-scale
Pereira, J. S., Villas, D. B., Martí, C., Mora, J. L., & Donzeli, V. P. (2022) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/j.pedobi.2022.150860 · Cited by 18
Tavşanoğlu, Ç., Çatav, Ş. S., & Özüdoğru, B. (2015) · Journal of Arid Environments · doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.017 · Cited by 18
Fire and Invasive Plant Species in the Mediterranean Basin
Αριανούτσου, Μ., & Vilà, M. (2013) · doi:10.1560/ijee.58.2-3.195 · Cited by 18
Assessment of western Oregon debris‐flow hazards in burned and unburned environments
Selander, B. D., Calhoun, N., Burns, W. J., Kean, J. W., & Rengers, F. K. (2025) · Earth Surface Processes and Landforms · doi:10.1002/esp.70045 · Cited by 17
Predation on Early Recruitment in Mediterranean Forests after Prescribed Fires
Sagra, J., Moya, D., Plaza‐Álvarez, P. A., Lucas‐Borja, M. E., Alfaro‐Sánchez, R., Heras, J. D. L., & Ferrandis, P. (2017) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f8070243 · Cited by 17
Park, I., Fauss, K., & Moritz, M. A. (2022) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire5040110 · Cited by 17
Evaluating determinants of wire-snare poaching risk in the Boland Mountain Complex of South Africa
Kendon, T. A., Comley, J., Wilkinson, A., Grobler, M. J., Nieman, W. A., Leslie, A. J., O'Riain, M. J., & Naude, V. N. (2022) · Journal for Nature Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126295 · Cited by 18
What is the value of biotic seed dispersal in post‐fire forest regeneration?
Benedicto‐Royuela, J., Costa, J. M., Heleno, R., Silva, J. S., Freitas, H. M. D. O., Lopes, P. B., Mendes, S. B., & Timóteo, S. (2023) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12990 · Cited by 17
Cruz-Sánchez, M. A., Asís, J. D., Gayubo, S. F., Tormos, J., & González, J. A. (2010) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9322-2 · Cited by 17
Research Progress on Soil Seed Bank: A Bibliometrics Analysis
Shi, Z., Zhang, J., & Wei, H. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12124888 · Cited by 17
Fire reduces parasite load in a Mediterranean lizard
Álvarez-Ruiz, L., Belliure, J., Santos, X., & Pausas, J. G. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1230 · Cited by 18
Self-citationAlday, J. G., Santana, V. M., Lee, H., Allen, K. A., & Marrs, R. H. (2015) · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2015.06.007 · Cited by 17
Úbeda, X., Bernia, S., & Simelton, E. (2005) · Developments in earth surface processes · doi:10.1016/s0928-2025(05)80012-4 · Cited by 17
Postfire seedling dynamics and performance in Pinus halepensis Mill. populations
Daskalakou, E. N., & Thanos, C. A. (2010) · Acta Oecologica · doi:10.1016/j.actao.2010.05.001 · Cited by 17
Fire, soil fertility and delayed seed release: a community analysis of the degree of serotiny
Clarke, P. J., Knox, K. J. E., & Butler, D. (2012) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10682-012-9604-0 · Cited by 17
Dispersal Mutualism Incorporated into Large-Scale, Infrequent Disturbances
Parker, V. T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132625 · Cited by 17
Sun, H., Wang, W. J., Liu, Z., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Ying, H., Dong, Y., & Yang, R. (2021) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108249 · Cited by 16
Cross‐country risk quantification of extreme wildfires in Mediterranean Europe
Meier, S., Strobl, E., Elliott, R., & Kettridge, N. (2022) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.14075 · Cited by 16
Lizards' response to the sound of fire is modified by fire history
Álvarez-Ruiz, L., Pausas, J. G., Blumstein, D. T., & Putman, B. J. (2022) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.12.002 · Cited by 16
Self-citationSynoptic-scale drivers of fire weather in Greece
Papavasileiou, G., & Giannaros, T. M. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171715 · Cited by 16
Experimental and numerical fire behaviour analysis in Eucalyptus globulus trees
Modarres, M., Almeida, M., & Viegas, D. X. (2024) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf23131 · Cited by 16
Çatav, Ş. S., Küçükakyüz, K., Tavşanoğlu, Ç., & Akbaş, K. (2015) · Annales Botanici Fennici · doi:10.5735/085.052.0211 · Cited by 16
Environmental Information Sources: Websites and Books
Shrode, F. G. (2009) · Electronic Green Journal · doi:10.5070/g312810784 · Cited by 16
Cowling, R. M., Gallien, L., Richardson, D. M., & Ojeda, F. (2018) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/aec.12606 · Cited by 16
Belem, M., Zoungrana, M., & Moumouni, N. (2019) · International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences · doi:10.4314/ijbcs.v12i5.20 · Cited by 16
Lana-Renault, N. S., Morán‐Tejeda, E., Heras, M. M. D. L., Lorenzo‐Lacruz, J., & López-Moreno, N. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818086-0.00010-8 · Cited by 16
Management, sustainability and research perspective of prescribed fires in tropical parks
Costa, Y. T., & Thomaz, E. L. (2021) · Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health · doi:10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100257 · Cited by 16
Fire history of Pinus nigra in Western Anatolia: A first dendrochronological study
Şahan, E. A., Köse, N., Akkemık, Ü., Güner, T. H., Tavşanoğlu, Ç., Bahar, A., Trouet, V. M., & Dalfes, H. N. (2021) · Dendrochronologia · doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125874 · Cited by 17
Sirgel, W. F., Artigas, P., Bargues, M. D., & Mas‐Coma, S. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-169 · Cited by 16
Evidence of Neogene wildfires in central Chile: Charcoal records from the Navidad Formation
Abarzúa, A. M., Vargas, C., Jarpa, L., Gutiérrez, N. M., Hinojosa, L. F., & Paula, S. (2016) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.06.036 · Cited by 16
The effect of fire on an abstract forest ecosystem: An agent based study
Karsai, I., Roland, B., & Kampis, G. (2016) · Ecological Complexity · doi:10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.09.001 · Cited by 16
Pinto, T., Moreira, B., Freitas, H. M. D. O., & Santos, X. (2018) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.029 · Cited by 18
Timing of fire during summer determines seed germination in Mediterranean Cistaceae
Luna, B., Piñas-Bonilla, P., Zavala, G., & Pérez, B. (2023) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.1186/s42408-023-00210-6 · Cited by 15
Quintano, C., Fernández–Manso, A., Fernández‐Guisuraga, J. M., & Roberts, D. A. (2024) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs16020361 · Cited by 15
Oddi, F. J., & Ghermandi, L. (2014) · Dendrochronologia · doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2014.11.002 · Cited by 15
Altwegg, R., de Klerk, H. M., & Midgley, G. F. (2014) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3112-6 · Cited by 15
Characterizing the Influence of Fire on Hydrology in Southern California
Flint, L. E., Underwood, E. C., Flint, A. L., & Hollander, A. D. (2019) · Natural Areas Journal · doi:10.3375/043.039.0108 · Cited by 15
Molina, J. R., Zamora, R., & y Silva, F. R. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.242 · Cited by 15
Phylogenetic diversity in the Iberian flora through the Cenozoic
Verdú, M., Pausas, J. G., Mijarra, J. M. P., Barrón, E., Casas‐Gallego, M., Arroyo, J., & Carrión, J. S. (2019) · Environmental and Experimental Botany · doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103888 · Cited by 15
Self-citationOut of the OCBILs: new hypotheses for the evolution, ecology and conservation of the eucalypts
Hopper, S. D. (2020) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa160 · Cited by 15
Climate change impacts on California vegetation: physiology, life history, and ecosystem change.
Cornwell, W. K., Stuart, S., Ramirez, A. R., Dolanc, C. R., Thorne, J. H., & Ackerly, D. D. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 15
Maikano, G. N., Cohn, J. S., & Stefano, J. D. (2017) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/aec.12546 · Cited by 15
Santana, V. M., Alday, J. G., Adamo, I., Alloza, J. A., & Baeza, J. (2020) · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2020.125545 · Cited by 15
Brennan, T. J., & Keeley, J. E. (2017) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.4996/fireecology.130312013 · Cited by 15
Self-citationRiordan, E. C., Montalvo, A. M., & Beyers, J. L. (2018) · doi:10.2737/psw-rp-270 · Cited by 15
Ürker, O., Tavşanoğlu, Ç., & Gürkan, B. (2018) · iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry · doi:10.3832/ifor2645-011 · Cited by 14
Conceptualizing resilience in temporary wetlands
Angeler, D. G. (2021) · Inland Waters · doi:10.1080/20442041.2021.1893099 · Cited by 14
Sánchez-García, C., Revelles, J., Burjachs, F., Euba, I., Expósito, I., Ibáñez, J., Schulte, L., & de Pablo, J. F. (2023) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2023.107542 · Cited by 14
Perello, N., Trucchia, A., Baghino, F., Asif, B. S., Palmieri, L., Rebora, N., & Fiorucci, P. (2024) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.1186/s42408-023-00239-7 · Cited by 18
Fire Ecology and Insect Ecology
New, T. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08096-3_1 · Cited by 14
Vincenzi, S., & Piotti, A. (2014) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1007/s11258-014-0342-y · Cited by 15
Klimaszewski‐Patterson, A., & Mensing, S. (2020) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-020-01081-x · Cited by 15
Mediterranean Pines – Adaptations to Fire
Ne’eman, G., & Αριανούτσου, Μ. (2021) · Managing forest ecosystems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63625-8_22 · Cited by 14
Using Pre-Fire High Point Cloud Density LiDAR Data to Predict Fire Severity in Central Portugal
Fernández‐Guisuraga, J. M., & Fernandes, P. M. (2023) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs15030768 · Cited by 14
Gibson, R. K., Bradstock, R. A., Penman, T. D., Keith, D. A., & Driscoll, D. A. (2013) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1007/s11258-013-0280-0 · Cited by 16
Self-citationAmin, R., Wilkinson, A., Williams, K. S., Martins, Q. E., & Hayward, J. (2022) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/aje.12944 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Keeley, J. E., Bond, W. J., Bradstock, R. A., Pausas, J. G., & Rundel, P. W.
- Affiliations
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2011-12-30
- OpenAlex
- W4301301213
- Cited by
- 479
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 20.06
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Keywords
- fire ecology, Mediterranean ecosystems, forest fires, plant community assembly, convergent evolution, fire management, plant distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review