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Cited by 9Historical Economic and Social StudiesChinese history and philosophyChina's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance

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Government, merchants and industry to 1911

Chan, Wellington K. K.·1980·The Cambridge History of China
DOI 10.1017/chol9780521220293.009
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Abstract

Many scholar-officials' main emphasis was on modern industry. They generally assumed that commercial enterprises could at best play a supporting role. Influential officials who became major sponsors of modern enterprise were especially partial to industry. From the early 1870s, Li Hung-chang argued that guns and gunboats alone did not make a nation strong; their operation required the support of industry in manufacturing, mining and modern communications; industry would create new wealth - a further source of national strength. Chang Chih-tung, too, realized the link between military power and economic development. Chinese promotion of modern enterprise in the late nineteenth century was inspired by the political necessity of quickly achieving respectable national strength. This fundamental goal united government officials of various persuasions in a common commitment to industrialization. A few modern enterprises were able to avoid either official sponsorship or comprador management. Hua-hsin was in fact a private enterprise in which official and merchant shareholders collaborated as individuals.

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Metadata

Authors
Chan, W. K. K.
Affiliations
Occidental College (US)
Corresponding author
Chan, Wellington K. K.
Venue
The Cambridge History of China
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published
1980-09-30
Pages
416-462
DOI
10.1017/chol9780521220293.009
OpenAlex
W2505021047
Cited by
9
References
213
Citations by year
2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
0.00
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 10041 d)
Locations
Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Historical Economic and Social Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
Keywords
modern industry, industrialization, scholar-officials, Li Hung-chang, merchants, national strength, private enterprises, state-business relations

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Government, merchants and industry to 1911. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/chol9780521220293.009
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Chan, W. K. K. (1980). Government, merchants and industry to 1911. The Cambridge History of China. https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521220293.009