The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 61 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
HISTORY AS FUTURE—TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
Open accessAbstract
This article demonstrates that historical narrative in the Zuo zhuan is founded on the concept of “timeliness,” that is, on the understanding of time as being endowed with moral qualities. The choice between a “timely” (shi 時) or “untimely” (bu shi 不時) course of action determines the success or failure of the person involved in it. The origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan can be traced to mantic literature of the same period, such as almanacs.Early Chinese writers of history—like diviners—strove to explain the past in order to predict the future. Seen in this light, “knowing history” implies understanding and mastering the mechanisms that drive it; and looking into the past is tantamount to “knowing” the future., 本文論證《左傳》中的歷史敘事建立在 「時」與「不時」的概念上。敘事裡人物行動的結果是否成功取決於「時」（則吉）或「不時」（則凶）。此概念源自同時期日書與月令等傳統。中國早期歷史記述者試圖憑藉過去預測未來。從這一角度來看，了解歷史意味著掌握驅動歷史事件的因素。以史為鑒對於「預知」未來起著至關重要的作用。
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319 Own interpretation · 55 Sources not found · 15 Not checked yet · 13 Own result · 2 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
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In the paper
“In more than 200 direct references to Chunqiu, the Zuo zhuan explains why certain events were recorded-formulae shu 書-or why they were not recorded-formulae bu shu 不書.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
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In the paper
“this is the singular mention of lin in the entire Annals”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
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In the paper
“When he has to leave the capital and is eventually forced out of the state, he is completely absent from the narrative until his return nineteen years later.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
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In the paper
“A good example of this rule is the figure of Shi Wei, who is the first in the Duke Wen story who predicts trouble in Jin.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Prognosticators-Omen Reading
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In the paper
“Early Chinese writers of history-like diviners-strove to explain the past in order to predict the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Abstract
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In the paper
“Early Chinese historical narrative shows that people-historical figures, heroes, sages-just like other occurrences and phenomena in nature, may be timely or untimely; this is not only a question of whether or not they act in the right time, but their very appearance and presence in history also is the matter of timeliness.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
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In the paper
“This article demonstrates that historical narrative in the Zuo zhuan is founded on the concept of “timeliness,” that is, on the understanding of time as being endowed with moral qualities.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Abstract
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In the paper
“The origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan can be traced to mantic literature of the same period, such as almanacs.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“I trace the origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan to contemporary hemerological tradition, such as the rishu 日書 “daybooks” or “almanacs” and the yue ling 月令 “monthly ordinances,” which enable humans to manipulate time and “create” history.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: The mantic texts of the same period and the Zuo zhuan share enough conceptual continuity for the former to be treated as the origin of the latter's ideas about time.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
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In the paper
“The records were aimed at exposing those who obeyed or disobeyed the ritual-the order of timeliness.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“therefore, it is correct to say that the Annals were made because of or due to time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Moreover, the Zuo zhuan in many instances refers directly to particular entries in the Chunqiu and explains why the record was made, thus exposing the ritualistic nature of the work.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Unlike Chunqiu, which is a register of unelaborated events, Zuo zhuan is a collection of narratives purporting to explain exactly what happened”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
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In the paper
“Characteristically, there is no instance in which a new season is not announced”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
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In the paper
“Each season has three months and, theoretically, all three can be indicated in the text; but in practice, there is not a single instance of the season where events are recorded for all three months; moreover, there are thirty-six cases of seasons with no records of any events and no indications of the first month in the season.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The structure of each Chunqiu entry is very regular: the reign year is followed by the current season; after that, there is either a record of an event or the indication of the month.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
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In the paper
“For example, there are nine reports in Chunqiu on walling cities-cheng 城, and each of them is commented upon in the Zuo zhuan, according to which in six instances the works were deemed timely, and in two untimely; in only one instance is there no reference to time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Piotr Gibas
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“it does, however, involve Confucius, which is an extraordinary circumstance”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The Zuo zhuan account of this occasion is very brief compared to Gongyang and Guliang traditions, as well as to regular Zuo zhuan entries-it tersely narrates what happened without providing any background information, interpretation, or commentary”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It consists of the accounts concerning the state of Jin that are scattered throughout the Zuo zhuan narrative over the period of time between Duke Zhuang twenty-eighth year and Duke Xi thirty-thirrd year.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Story-What Exactly Happened?
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In the paper
“The “Duke Wen Story” is the narrative presenting the affairs in Jin that led to the rise of Chong'er as Duke Wen of Jin.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Story-What Exactly Happened?
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In the paper
“One of Yiwu's first decisions after usurping the throne to become Duke Hui is to re-inter Shensheng's body transporting it from Quwo, where he committed suicide, back to the capital (Duke Xi tenth year, 3).”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
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In the paper
“Unlike the actions of Shensheng and Yiwu, those of Chong'er are never commented upon, and (in the Narrative) he is offered no advice.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“He predicts not only Shensheng's deposal-which he could have deduced from political calculation-but also the rise of Chong'er.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Prognosticators-Omen Reading
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Building on these observations and by teasing out the workings of prediction and prognostication in the narrative, I demonstrate how history writing aspired to the control and manipulation of historical time; by creating a narrative of the past and consolidating its multiple links to the future, the early Chinese writers of history-like diviners-strove to explain it and, thus, to conquer it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
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In the paper
“Whatever is untimely (bu shi 不時), on the other hand, is wrong, dangerous, and unpropitious, and it inevitably leads to failure.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
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In the paper
“What the Sage performs over the injured lin is an act of identification, and only after he demystifies it and calls it by its proper name do they accept it as the kill of the hunt.7”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [7] source
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In the paper
“The verb guan 觀 “to inspect” used in the text suggests his personal involvement with the object of examination: getting an idea of what it is, recognizing it, and understanding it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
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In the paper
“It is the occult practices and cults that constitute the backbone of later concepts of morality and spur the idea of the omenological and didactic functions of history writing.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: The mantic texts of the same period and the Zuo zhuan share enough conceptual continuity for the former to be treated as the origin of the latter's ideas about time.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hunters were not sure what they had caught; the finding was not just a rare specimen, but also something altogether unknown to them.They deemed it “anomalous” yi 異 and “inauspicious” bu xiang 不祥, and therefore potentially dangerous.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“I argue that historiography is a form of omenology, where historical precedence is recorded, and then interpreted and evaluated according to the criterion of timeliness for the purpose of predicting the future; in effect, history writing is tantamount to omen reading.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Most notably, Kalinowski points out that sagehood is a necessary condition in exercising the predictive faculties of the human spirit.3”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The sagely figure, whose moral standing and political capacities are conditioned by temporal issues, emerges from the mantic tradition and is further developed in the Zuo zhuan.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: The mantic texts of the same period and the Zuo zhuan share enough conceptual continuity for the former to be treated as the origin of the latter's ideas about time.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to a daybook, the Zuo zhuan is also a manual-it advises choosing the right and auspicious course of action.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Ultimately, then, I will examine how historical narrative shapes the profile of a perfect “sage ruler,” who controls the present, because he knows the past and is able to foresee the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Confucius not only examines the animal's physicality, but he sees its nature and understands what its coming implies.8”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [8]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
““Timely” (shi 時) actions and events carry a positive moral charge; they are felicitous, right, safe, and harmonious within the general progress and scheme of history.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seen in this light, “knowing history” implies understanding and mastering the mechanisms that drive it; and looking into the past is tantamount to “knowing” the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In her discussion of the Zuo zhuan account of the event, Wai-yee Li points out that “the capture of the lin is about the failure of recognition.”6”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Central to this moral understanding of time is the concept of ming 明-“sagely illumination,” or the ability to discern between good and bad, right and wrong, deserving and undeserving, that is, between what is timely and untimely.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“My work in this area owes much to David Schaberg and Wai-yee Li, whose studies on the “readability” of early Chinese written history, and the practice of decoding the patterns and signs typically conveyed therein, show that the pursuit of the past is not for the purpose of mere recording, but, rather, is motivated by a conscious desire to find answers applicable to the present. 2”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the fourteenth year of Duke Ai 哀公 (481 b.c.e.), an extraordinary and highly significant event took place in the state of Lu 魯.During the annual winter hunt, the charioteers captured a unicorn lin 麟.According to the sources, the rare animal was injured, then transported to the capital, and eventually killed.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confucius, who had a chance to examine the finding, was deeply shaken by it.He deemed the unicorn's appearance “untimely”-bu shi-and lamented its fate.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Historiography, then, represents history as a means of rewarding the timely and punishing the untimely.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The references to Chunqiu in the Zuo zhuan show that the former was not a mere chronicle of events, but rather a register of carefully selected material.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
““Historical figures” in the Zuo zhuan who possess “sagely illumination” are presented as being aware of their own historicity, and they consciously negotiate and create their historical profiles to represent them in the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“as he argues, there exists a coherent “predictive style” in the narrative, which the compilers use to expose their views about history and its actors.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In the Zuo zhuan, which is the earliest received Chinese historical narrative, 1 history is narrated as prognosticated future and told through the life-stories of its actors-“historical figures”-the individuals who left a mark in the past and who serve as examples for the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The choice between a “timely” (shi 時) or “untimely” (bu shi 不時) course of action determines the success or failure of the person involved in it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The people who catch the animal misidentify and, consequently, mishandle it.It takes a sage such as Confucius to correct their mistake and call the thing by its correct name.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless of which is the truth, it is certain that this unique occurrence became the turning point in the Chinese perception and writing of history.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As I have demonstrated elsewhere, most of the references regarding timeliness concern construction works.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Piotr Gibas
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Karapetiantz points out that all the seasonal sacrifices recorded in Chunqiu are anomalous.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Karapetiantz
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“method of dating depends on the kind of report, and that recording was regulated by strict ritual rules.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. M. Karapetiantz
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The tablets were presented as offerings on the altar, and the written language served as the medium for transmitting the information into the afterworld.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. M. Karapetiantz
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Li concludes that the records were originally made exclusively for the use in the temple, and that they acquired their more universal and didactic function only later”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Zongtong
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The life of the people and the administration of the state were subordinated to the laws of Nature.Heaven established seasons, which could not be transgressed, and any kind of activity had to be completed at the right time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Yang Bojun
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“it shows that the date does not have a merely informative and documentary function, but instead it constitutes a part of the event, or even-in cases of a complete omission of the entry-an event in its own right.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. M. Karapetiantz
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Li Ling classifies the historiographical works in the Warring States period (453-221 b.c.e.) into two large groups: the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Ling
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“therefore, not all the events were recorded, but only those that were relevant from the ritual point of view, i.e. that were required to be announced to the ancestors.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Zongtong
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“unlike the Zuo zhuan, Chunqiu was originally a ritual text.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In such cases, the record testifies that Nature is conforming to its proper course; the omission of the record of a change in season would indicate a deviance from that course and a cosmic cataclysm”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites James Legge
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Chunqiu should be considered a ritual text not because it records ritual activities”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Karapetiantz also observes that each state applied its own method of recording such events.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. M. Karapetiantz
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Time acquires a ritual significance and becomes a form of sacrum; a disturbance of its order could not go unnoticed in a ritual text such as Chunqiu.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“from this James Legge concluded that the coming of the new season was important in its own right and as such had to be recorded.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites James Legge
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Based on the analysis of its contents, Li Zongtong 李 宗侗 argues that Chunqiu is a strictly ritual text.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Zongtong
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The officers shi 史, in Sinological literature customarily denominated”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The calendar and the state agendas were determined by reading the signs received from Heaven.This was accomplished under the personal supervision of the ruler, who was Heaven's representative on earth and the initiator of the changes in the vegetation.19”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ritual text of Chunqiu can be considered a reflection and a sanction of that natural order; the text was composed following the course of time and, as such, the records were also an element of time-its expression and representation.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The most notable difference between the Chunqiu and Zuo zhuan is that the former presents the events without description”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Henri Maspero argues that the received Zuo zhuan text was made up of two different works: an actual commentary on the Annals, mainly concerned with ritual and ethics-such as the historiographical references shu and bu shu I discussed above-and a historical narrative that was written independently from Chunqiu and related to another contemporary collection of historical narratives, the Guo yu 國語”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Henri Maspero
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“As he observes, the date of the event could be omitted or changed in the records because of ritual reasons, and events were dated with different degrees of accuracy (season, month, and/or day) depending on their ritual significance.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. M. Karapetiantz
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“similarly to the latter, the Zuo zhuan narrative is also focused on the state of Jin 晉 instead of Lu, which further supports Maspero's thesis.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Maspero
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“therefore, unlike Chunqiu, the Zuo zhuan is a text that reflects the authors' cognitive interest in the past and their historical consciousness.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Zuo Zhuan
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Only later were they rearranged and put together into one”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Maspero
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Li Ling
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Yang Bojun
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“According to A. M. Karapetiantz, the Chunqiu records were made on bamboo tablets not as chronicle entries for posterity, but as reports to the ancestors; the act of inscribing the tablets was in itself part of the ritual.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. M. Karapetiantz
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In his view, the latter-among them the Zuo zhuan-originate from oral tradition.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Ling
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The most frequent reports found in Chin qiu are of deaths and funerals; in them, we see the correlation between not only the dating and the contents, but also the place where the event takes place.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. M. Karapetiantz
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“considering the ritual character of the Annals-as a register of messages for the ancestors transmitted during sacrificial ceremonies in the temple-the entries are never random or accidental”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Chunqiu functions as a ritual register of messages for ancestors transmitted during temple sacrifices.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In my reading of the tradition, the Sage turns toward the past in order to interpret the omen, and Chunqiu is the oracle that results.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the timing is both unsuitable and suitable: the Master does not lament his Way being lost, for it has actually been found in the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three accounts (Gongyang, Guliang, Zuo zhuan) of the capture of the lin all convey a strong sense of temporal displacement-things going amiss, a lost chance, events taking place in an unsuitable time and place.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confucius realizes his misplacement in time, which makes him understand that this is the crucial moment for him, the very point in time that defines, constitutes, and confirms his raison d'être.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The coming of the Sage, just the same as the unicorn, is untimely.There is no ruler around (“a king who acts as a king”) who would be able to truly appreciate Confucius and acknowledge his teaching.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“lin and its fate make Confucius understand his own position: he is aware of the fact that his time has not yet come, and that only in the future may he be recognized.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Gongyang reports that, upon apprehending the lin, Confucius wept and proclaimed that its coming signified the end of his Way: wu dao qiong yi 吾道窮矣.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Gongyang, too, Confucius exclaims: “For whom has it come?”shu wei lai zai 熟為來哉.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“when the myth finally comes true, when the extraordinary turns into a palpable, common day reality, it is misinterpreted, mishandled, abused, and altogether wasted.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Future generations will know him through the mere fact of identifying the lin, just as he knew the unicorn.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Eastern Han (25-220 c.e.) compilation Kongzi jiayu 孔子家語 elaborates that the Master deemed the coming of the lin “untimely”-bu shi-due to the absence of an “illuminated king” ming wang 明王-a “true” ruler possessing the power of discernment.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hunters did not simply mistake one animal for another, but instead, due to their ignorance, they abused, and, effectively, profaned the unicornthe mythical portent of the returning Golden Age.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Zuo zhuan Narrator is situated in the future.He already knows the story.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confucius would not be able to identify it if it were not a unicorn in the first place, thus being a thing self-evident and obvious; moreover, he would not recognize it if he himself were not a sage.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They emerged independently from the chronicles, but may have been later”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Ling
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He is, at the same time, both the reader of the future-the prognosticator who understands the portent-and the writer of the past-the narrator who explains it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without Confucius, we would not know of the lin's appearance.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Sage's mere assertion that the captured and injured animal is a lin is presented as being, in itself, meaningful enough, as if it did not require further explanation.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the lin is not just a passive object of recognition, but also an effective agent.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, these traditions identify Confucius with the shithe historiographers, diviners, and officers of ritual who analyzed and recorded events, explained anomalies, and communicated with the ancestors, thereby transcending the limits of time and space.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Sage finds pleasure and hope in his work, trusting that it will be appreciated in the future; thus, his activity is oriented towards the generations that will come later, but his focus is on here and now-to do what a sage needs to do.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to Gongyang and Guliang, the capture of the unicorn is the last entry in the Chunqiu, after which the Annals are suddenly discontinued”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to the Guliang and Gongyang traditions, Confucius is inspired by this event to assume the role of historiographer-he resolves to scan the past in order to find out and pass on the events that led to the untimely coming of the lin.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They present Confucius as the author of Chunqiu, motivated by the desire to illuminate and elevate the illustrious, and expose and condemn the unjust.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inside the narrative, on the other hand, in the textual “here and now,” there are the Prognosticators, who tell the story ahead of time by predicting the outcomes of the events.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“both traditions provide longer accounts on the background of the event and, more importantly, put stress on Confucius's eminent role therein.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“both official commentaries on the Chunqiu-the Gongyang 公羊 and the Guliang 穀梁 traditions-end abruptly with the capturing of the unicorn, thus emphasizing the importance of that particular event.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As Waiyee Li concludes in her discussion of the Sage's encounter with the unicorn, “the ability to name the unknown, and the mastery of esoteric knowledge in general, constitute one of Confucius' images in Warring States texts.””
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wai-yee Li, The Readability of the Past, 416
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“he argues that oracular rhetoric in the Zuo zhuan may be comprised in its entirety as an expression of philosophical speculations through history writing, founded on the idea that only a Sage is able to predict the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kalinowski
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
““lin is a benevolent animal” lin ren shou ye 麟仁獸也, who “comes only when there is a king who acts as a king” you wang zhe ze zhi 有王者則至.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The records go on for only two more years, till the death of Confucius in summer of Ai sixteenth (479 b.c.e.)-the last event recorded in Chunqiu.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Wai-yee Li observes that in the Zuo zhuan there is no “assertion of a necessary relationship between the capture of the lin and the creation of Chunqiu.””
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wai-yee Li, The Readability of the Past, 416
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“its laconic language and the self-sufficient way in which the event is presented open doors to endless interpretation.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Chunqiu record of the capture of the lin is the first of seventeen entries made in the Annals on Duke Ai's fourteenth year (481 b.c.e.).”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Gongyang and Guliang traditions, however, do make this link, thus interpreting the episode as a turning point in the historiographical tradition.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confucius and the unicorn complement, reveal, and reaffirm each other.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is a paradox: the unicorn comes, and there is a sage able to recognize and welcome it, but instead things go astray-the lin is mistreated and killed; the Sage, on the other hand, recognizes the lin when it is too late to properly receive and save it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Kalinowski labels this style of narrative”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kalinowski
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The meaning of the “sage”-his teaching, and, indeed, Confucius himself-would not be what it is without its temporal aspect, signified and symbolized by the untimely coming of the unicorn.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
““Lin” is not just a word, but also a powerful symbol.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Stephen Durant, Wai-yee Li, and David Schaberg argue that Chunqiu records had both a sacral quality, as being of concern to the ruler's ancestors, and a historical quality, as being of use to future policy makers and ritual practitioners.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stephen Durant, Wai-yee Li, and David Schaberg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confucius compiles the Annals as his commentary on the event-he reads the omen and then, in response to it, writes history.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the potential of both the portent carried by the unicorn and the Sage's role in recognizing it seem to have come to naught.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confucius discloses the identity of the unicorn, but at the same time the lin also confirms that of the Sage.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the authors of the study believe that”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stephen Durant, Wai-yee Li, and David Schaberg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“apart from their strictly predictive functions, predictions also play an active role in the narrative, such a passing a judgment about a person, legitimizing an action, or provoking a discussion about divinatory practices.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kalinowski
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the coming of the unicorn, albeit untimely and tragic, reveals Confucius as the Sage and legitimizes his Way.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chunqiu presents the events as they occur-in a linear chronological sequence”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Kalinowski points out an existing affinity between predictive discourses and divination techniques”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kalinowski
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chunqiu serves as a testimony-a tool by means of which Confucius sends the message into the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Zuo zhuan passage reveals not only that a unicorn came, but also that Confucius identified it; moreover, it is the Sage who points out that it is necessary to ask: Why did it come?”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In comparison, the narrative structure of the Zuo zhuan is more complex.Instead of Confucius, there are three figures that spin the historical narrative, the Narrator, the Prognosticators, and the Actors, who are correlated to form a temporal triad.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When the Sage steps in, it is too late.He finds the proper terms to describe the situation, but he is aware that even as he does so, the sacred moment of epiphany had already passed.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confucius recognizes and identifies the lin as a powerful portent, and he sees the untimely coming of the mythical animal and its unfortunate fate as being emblematic of the present state of the society.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The unicorn would not be known without the Sage-it cannot reveal itself.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The “Way”-dao 道-is better understood here as raison d'être: Confucius realized that he fulfilled his role as a Sage and that, at this point in time, he could do no more-no other unicorn was coming.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the event may have been recorded because it was considered anomalous, in which case it certainly involved the issue of timeliness”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Li Ling argues that the authors made a conscious effort to make the narratives look colloquial, which resulted in creating”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Ling
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the same time, the Sage knows that his task has been fulfilled.His dao has reached a critical point-it has been manifested to the world.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The offence is, in essence, committed against the overarching value of timeliness.It is, after all, timeliness that determines who Shensheng is, as well as the moral value of his actions.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prognostication exposes the working of the Actors' fate; by planting Prognosticators in the plot, the Narrator breaks the boundaries and limitations of chronological time and realizes the efficacy of ming-“sagely illumination.””
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This offence does not fall into the same category as a mere violation of one ancient rule, or even as committing a crime by symbolically deposing one's father and taking over his position; this is an offence against one's own self, enacted by impeding one's own future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the first prediction that Shensheng will not succeed to the throne, the officer Shi Wei makes it clear that the heir is merely an innocent scapegoat and directs the criticism at his father.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
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In the paper
“The Supra-Narrative provides the final answers to the questions that arise from reading the Narrative.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
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In the paper
“From the very outset, the Prognosticators constantly alert the reader that the heir apparent will not become a ruler.They also indicate that this turn of events is just and beyond the control of the Actor.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Actors and the Mechanism of Timeliness i. Sub-story (A)-Shensheng and Temporal Displacement
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In the paper
“In effect, the Zuo zhuan becomes a manual of socio-political know-how.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
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In the paper
“Shi Wei then predicts that Shensheng will be deposed:”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These paradoxes draw the attention of the Narrator and he sets out to explain them.For him, “what exactly happened” means: What caused the events to happen the way they did?Why things had to happen in a certain way?”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
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In the paper
“The entire history of Jin that emerges from these accounts is in fact centered on one man-Chong'er.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Story-What Exactly Happened?
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In the paper
“There is not a single entry in the whole narrative covering the affairs in Jin during that period that would not serve as a pretext for a judgment upon Yiwu's actions and a foretelling of their consequences.”
- Also stated in: § ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom · plain
“These predictive comments 45 serve as a narrative device, by means of which every event presented in the text is portrayed as a transgression committed by Yiwu as Duke Hui.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
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- Also stated in: § ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The desire to save his own name and to spare the feelings of his father are not the only motifs of Shensheng's suicide; his ultimate goal is to support Chong'er.”
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
“Thus, Shensheng understands the workings of time and, consequently, knows the future-the inevitability of his younger brother becoming Duke Wen.Therefore, he consciously and actively enables it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
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In the paper
“These decisions are strongly criticized by the minister, Shi Wei 士蒍.Curiously, though, rather than Duke Xian, who was the actual decision-maker, he points at Shensheng as the one who will bear the consequences:”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Actors and the Mechanism of Timeliness i. Sub-story (A)-Shensheng and Temporal Displacement
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The Narrator's job is to present how and when this happened.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Duke Xian, embodying the mechanism of timeliness, destroys him by means of time-he makes time work against Shensheng.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“From the perspective of the Supra-Narrative Shensheng has to remove himself, because he needs to make room for Duke Wen: if Shensheng became ruler, Chong'er would never make it to the throne.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“(A) The story of Shensheng; (B) The history of Jin's war with Qin under the rule of Yiwu/Duke Huai; (C) The account of Chong'er's odyssey before returning to the throne in Jin;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“To accomplish this, he employs three narrative devices: prognostication, paradox, and the spirit world.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The wronged Actors assume the role of “illuminated ghosts,” ming gui 明鬼, in order to execute the justice; in effect, their own ming is revealed.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In other words, Shensheng does not have the power to determine his time; instead, he is a misplaced virtuous man, and he cannot prevent his doom.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the Narrator is looking at the past from a perspective from which the story is already over and the outcomes have been revealed.From this perspective, Chong'er has already been established as a historical figure-Duke Wen-with the reputation of a hero and a sage ruler.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Thus, Shensheng is not to be punished.A virtuous man who did no wrong, Shensheng has nothing to fear.However, he cannot escape being deposed: it is independent from Shensheng's moral standingwhether he is good or bad, right or wrong-but instead it is entirely determined by timeliness.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As Shi Wei points out, Shensheng would have been able to escape his punishment by death; however, he follows the advice of the Prognosticators, and understands that a sacrifice like that made by Tai Bo-which allows the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Thus, when narrating the stories of Shensheng and Yiwu, the Narrator is at the same time constructing a narrative on another level-the Duke Wen Story, which, from his perspective, pre-exists and overshadows the sub-stories as the Supra-Narrative.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“By using the adverb “prematurely”-xian 先-Shi Wei does not mean that Shensheng was appointed too early in chronological time, but not in the right order.Duke Xian's decisions violated the rules of accession based on a proper sequence and hierarchy-the heir should wait for his time to take the control of the state.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The expedition was a success, and Shensheng with his army extinguished one of the three states.32 As a reward, the Duke sent him to preside over the capital city Quwo 曲沃.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Actors and the Mechanism of Timeliness i. Sub-story (A)-Shensheng and Temporal Displacement
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Before Shensheng departs for the expedition, Duke Xian equips him with an extraordinary parti-colored robe and a golden semi-circle hanging at his girdle; Hu Tu 狐突-the third Adviser, after Shi Wei and Li Ke, to prognosticate Shensheng's fate-interprets these as clear signs that the duke actually wants to doom his son.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Li Ke understands that Duke Xian's actions amount to disowning and dooming his eldest son.The ruler is the commander in chief, and as such his responsibilities cannot be transferred to another.The heir apparent is only due to be a ruler after the present one is gone.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“From the Supra-Narrative perspective, some situations in the Narrative seem paradoxical: (1) Shensheng-a virtuous man-suffers an injustice; (2) Yiwu remains ruler despite being an evil person; (3) Chong'er takes a long time to return and bring back the order, and despite being absent for nineteen years, he still manages to return and become a hegemon.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through this narrative, the past meets the future and merges into one timeless “here and now.””
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“1.The chronological level-the Narrative, where the events are unfolding progressively towards the future; 2. The historical level-the Supra-Narrative, where the story is completed and perceived in retrospect as history;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“By predicting the future, they extrapolate the current, apparently spontaneous events from their chronological unfolding into the patterned, ethically legible Supra-Narrative.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Narrator-historiographer assumes the position of a sage, who promotes certain historical figures as moral and political models to be followed.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In Duke Min second year (662 b.c.e.), the prediction that Shensheng will not succeed to the throne is further spelled out.His father orders him to wage war against the hostile Gaoluo 皋落 tribe.One Li Ke 里克-a court minister-remonstrates with Duke Xian that making the heir apparent an army commander is a stark violation of ancient rules.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As for the deployment of spirit world, it is an issue for a separate study; here, it will suffice to mention that it foregrounds the punitive aspect of “sagely illumination” and signals its divine origins.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If Shensheng is Tai Bo, then control over his fate lies in making his own moral choice.”
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
“He must understand that he is not the right person for the time and that the future does not belong to him.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Zuo zhuan narrative, however, Prognosticators are the avatars of the Narrator planted in the text, making them, in effect, two different figures sharing one voice.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The minister is convinced that Duke Xian intentionally appoints Shensheng to command the army, sends him out on an expedition in the wrong”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The narrative consists of episodes depicting 10 major events that lead to Yiwu's doom:”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The voice telling the story is always anonymous, and it does not overtly interpret or comment on the events.Instead, that is the task of the Prognosticators speaking from inside the Narrative-usually ministers or officers at court-who comment upon current events, pass their judgments, and foretell the outcomes.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He will be deposed either way, but he has the option of saving his life versus his name.Thus, the dilemma Shensheng is facing is of a moral nature, and he must decide which action is morally more desirable.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This narrative structure reveals the moral and political motives lying behind writing of history.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An anonymous Narrator, who already knows the story, tells it in retrospect, purportedly not changing any facts.He constructs the Narrative, where he presents the events in a linear and chronological way: Chong'er's birth, exile, return, success, and death.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, the sub-stories that ostensibly focus on “individual” Actors eventually come together to demonstrate how their fates are interrelated and how they constitute the main story presenting the great hero.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By way of elucidating such problems, the Narrator does not simply answer these questions; rather, he presents the events as an objective observer and never appears in the text “in person.””
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These three narratives constitute separate story lines, which, themselves, can be subdivided into individual chronological stages, just the same as the main narrative that contains them.The three stories follow their own plots, but nonetheless fit into the “large” story of Duke Wen.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the prognostications confront the reader with a paradoxical situation-how do we explain this undeserved fate?”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This split perspective results in the production of a narrative in which the future is written in the past, and the past is written in the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Justice will be served in the due time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The minister may deem the prince unfortunate and wronged, but certainly not guilty and doomed.There is a strong suggestion in Shi Wei's judgment that Shensheng belongs to a different time and place.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The minister explains that Duke Xian placed his son in charge of duties normally beyond the reach of one who is only, as yet, heir apparent.Because Shensheng had thus already occupied the highest positions in the state, his succession to the throne is blocked.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He cannot quit the expedition, nor can he successfully carry it out; therefore, as other ministers at court observe, the heir is put in a position where however he acts, he will end up either being unfilial or unfaithful.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the Narrative level-from the point of view of”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The perspective of Confucius, who scans the past upon beholding the future-as illustrated in the unicorn accounts-combines those of the Narrator and the Prognosticators.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the Narrative level, then, Shensheng's fate is not fair; in the Supra-Narrative, though, it is justified and inevitable: the Prognosticators reconcile the paradoxes of the unfolding Narrative with the unimpeachable justice asserted by the Supra-Narrative.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Actors and the Mechanism of Timeliness i. Sub-story (A)-Shensheng and Temporal Displacement
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite being a virtuous man and having done nothing wrong, Shensheng is prevented from becoming the ruler of Jin.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Prognosticators reveal that Duke Xian dooms his son by displacing him in time.”
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
“Hu Tu's assessment that”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The moral censure, on the other hand, is not inevitable: Shensheng can save his good name and be free of the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first of the sub-stories (A) presents the apparently paradoxical fall of Shensheng, Chong'er's elder brother and Duke Xian's heir apparent in Jin.He is an exemplarily virtuous man, but despite that does not succeed to the throne.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Actors and the Mechanism of Timeliness i. Sub-story (A)-Shensheng and Temporal Displacement
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, Shensheng is being unfilial by assuming the powers of his father and, effectively, acting as if Duke Xian were dead.More importantly, though, he effectively acts as a ruler without actually being one; he technically becomes what he is only supposed to become in the future, ahead of his due time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He explains that the marquis intends to destroy his son by manipulating time:”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Xian Danmu anticipates that it will be impossible for the heir to successfully carry out such definitive orders.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
““History” is actually about the present and the future: there is a lesson to be learned from the past.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ministers-Prognosticators provide Shensheng with clear moral guidance.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Paradox, on the other hand, draws the readers' attention to the existence of a moral problem or conflict; then, by showing how the paradox unfurls and is resolved over time, the narrative assures the reader that the law of justice never fails.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Duke Xi fourth year (656 b.c.e.), we can see Shensheng's end.Li Ji slanders him of attempting to poison Duke Xian.”
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
“In the end, Shensheng takes his own life; he dies as a martyr of virtue and filial piety.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As mentioned above, every event in Jin narrated in the text can be linked with a corresponding (negative) prognostication:”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Supra-Narrative is the perspective from which all the paradoxes are understandable.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the Supra-Narrative level, though, Shensheng does get his reward-Shi Wei compares him to Tai Bo, thus elevating him to the position of the sages.”
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
“Duke Wen is due, Shensheng is notsuch is the timely design.Shensheng embraces his fate and does not act against time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 曰：'盡敵而反'；敵可盡乎？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without the delay, the story of Duke Wen would not be complete.The contrast with Yiwu would not become evident and Chong'er would not be missed; consequently, the reader would not recognize him as a Hero, and his return would lack its fulfilling quality.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that Pi managed to cut off his sleeve shows that Chong'er made a narrow escape indeed, but it also serves as a hint that his absence from Jin is not going to be permanent, promising that Chong'er has unfinished business with Pi.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The delaying factor is also a way of integrating the issue of timeliness into the very structure of the narrative: the Hero must not only come at the right time; he also needs time to come-it takes time to become a Hero.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Narrator in the Zuo zhuan resorts to the spirit world in order to show that the law of justice never fails.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“King Wen, and thus Duke Wen/Chong'er-as implied through the parallel-acts spontaneously and is impartial.He has neither envy nor ambition, he does not need to do anything in order to be who he is, and his appointment is divine and timeless.”
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
“Yiwu, on the other hand, being jealous of his elder brother, aspires to take his place; but even while he occupies the throne as Duke Hui, it is Duke Wen who is the legitimate ruler.Yiwu cannot achieve through force what is granted from Heaven.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yiwu's life is spared after the battle of Han, but politically and narratologically/historiographically he is”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Making the right choice is not merely efficacious or even moral; rather, it demonstrates the sage-like ability to see things clearly: the quality of ming.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In effect, it is time itself that makes Chong'er a Hero; the delay gives the reader a sense of longing and lack-an anxiety that generates the need for a fulfilling ending.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ultimately, they enable and justify Chong'er's return after his long absence, demonstrating that sooner or later justice is served.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In effect, the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that each narrated event is associated with a criticism, a condemnation, or a prediction of his doom, shows that they are reported only when they can be used against Yiwu, and, indeed, in order to discredit him.”
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
“The absence of narrative is meaningful and it constitutes a part of the portrait of Yiwu drawn by the Narrator; it is also important for a correct understanding of the nature and significance of his doom.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yiwu, in contrast, occupies the throne of Jin and dies a natural death; he temporarily wins, but he loses his future, his moral standing as determined by the writers and readers of history.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, both Shensheng and Chong'er return as punitive ghosts-ming gui-ghosts endowed with”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By refusing to fight against Duke Xian, Chong'er presents himself as a filial son and a loyal subject; that is, he is in the right.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The convergence of names-King Wen/Duke Wen-is not a mere coincidence.It indicates that Chong'er possesses all the qualities attributed in the text to King Wen, and therefore he deserves to later become a hegemon-ba, and an illuminated ruler-ming jun.”
- Also stated in: § ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom · boosted
“The text establishes him as Duke Wen, even though his time has not come yet; Yiwu, on the other hand, is portrayed as his exact opposite and alter ego.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom · boosted
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first part of Duke Wen's story establishes him as a man of virtue.His expulsion from Jin is clearly unjust.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The narrative that bears out the prognosticated fates of Shensheng and Yiwu endorses Chong'er in absentia; and, paradoxical situations that seem to suspend the law of justice only heighten the expectation of justice to come.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The narrative seems designed to generate in the reader a sense of anticipation, even before Chong'er's exile is shrouded in silence.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of the spirit world accentuates the divine origins of ming and reveals the special relationship ming Actors have with Heaven.It reconfirms the law of punishments and rewards.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“finally, Chong'er's silenced presence overshadows the narrative, and he becomes a legend while still alive; his return resembles a resurrection-a ghost coming back to life-and a myth coming true.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As we can see, the narrative draws a portrait of Yiwu as one who only commits transgressions and ignores all warnings and good advice.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the Narrator uses prognostications to explain why Shensheng does not get the throne, as well as to present Yiwu as an illegitimate ruler.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By putting him in line with Tai Bo, Shi Wei is aligning Shensheng with an archetype, thereby taking him out of the chronological flow of history-the Narrative-and, by extension, away from his own doom.”
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
“Shensheng is exalted-and saved-by”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After such an intense, consistent, and relentless criticism of his person in the text, it comes as a surprise that Yiwu is not finished, but instead all the people in his state unite and stand up for him, and in the end he is restored and able to continue as Duke Hui.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clearly, the Earl of Qin respects the predictions and has a strong notion of timeliness.”
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
“He does not take advantage of his power, because he knows the future.He understands that there is a right moment for each action, and that acting against time would be futile.”
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
“The Earl remembers the prediction that Tangshu's descendants will flourish, and thus knows that it is only a matter of time before a capable ruler arises in Jin.He, in fact, knows who that ruler is, and this is another hint at Chong'er's imminent return.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The time covered by the Narrative is not the duration of Duke Hui's rule in Jin, but that of Chong'er's absence.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The episode is clearly meant to discredit Yiwu and it is neatly woven into the network of predictions of his doom.Ostensibly, its only purpose is to disclose the new marquis's hypocrisy.Shensheng sees through Yiwu's schemes and rejects his act of piety.More importantly, though, Shensheng's return as a ghost suggests Heaven's direct involvement in solving the affairs in Jin.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, Shensheng may suffer a temporary injustice, but ultimately he wins-he is the moral victor.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By applying this rhetoric of silence, the Narrator passes his judgment through omission.When the chronological sequence of events does not allow him to focus on the main protagonist, who is temporarily suffering an injustice and ousted from the picture, the Narrator uses the silence created by his absence to discredit the players, who ostensibly prevail, and thus to endorse and reaffirm the absent”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Noticeably, the narrative covering the rule of Yiwu in Jin begins and ends with references to Chong'er.”
- Also stated in: § ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom · plain
“The text refers to Chong'er as”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yiwu does not heed advice, he ignores the prognostications, and he acts against time.As a result, he is portrayed as the counter example of a sage.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, Yiwu's return to Jin after the battle of Han and the captivity in Qin is not an achievement; neither are the following eight years as Duke Hui, of which the Zuo zhuan provides no account.”
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
“He is restored-through the agency of someone else-just for the time being.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reader expects that the story will continue, but also that the unfair banishment of Chong'er will be revoked and the injustice done to him repaid.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, referring to Chong'er as”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the prognosticated doom does come: he provokes a war with Qin, is defeated in the battle of Han, and is taken captive.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the surface, the Narrator is following the chronological order of events, presenting the affairs in Jin, and naturally focusing on the person of the current ruler.From the point of view of the linear Narrative, this is the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, sub-story (A) is a description of Shensheng's sacrifice on behalf of Chong'er;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He cannot change the future, nor by extension, his own fate; however, he does have a choice between right and wrong.”
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
“Shensheng cannot become a ruler in Jin, because his”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sub-story (B), on the other hand, is meant to discredit Yiwu, and thus to endorse Chong'er as Duke Wen.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He has no future and no present, either, already being consigned to oblivion.Hence, after his return to the throne, there are no further accounts and no predictions concerning him.No text is necessary.His story is over, and his doom is sealed.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His name is never mentioned, but the reader is regularly reminded that Chong'er's story is not over and that he is going to come back.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proleptic phrasing used in the narrative is a deliberate choice.The Narrator, who knows how the story is going to unfold, reveals to the reader the events that are going to take place in the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He lacks”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Narrator has to comply with the fact that Yiwu-a usurper who from the Supra-Narrative point of view obstructs the way of Duke Wen-successfully stays on the throne and completes his turn; however, by carefully selecting the events to be narrated, the Narrator is able to portray him in an unfavorable way and present as a counter example the main-temporarily”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The steady accumulation of negative prognostications indicates that this is not Yiwu's time to be the ruler.He appropriated someone else's time-he stole it-and he will be punished.Thus, the prognostications expose him as a usurper and draw the reader's attention to the legitimate ruler-Duke Wen.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to serve Shensheng justice, the Narrator resolves to the spirit world-the prince reappears in the narrative as a ghost and takes his revenge.The spirit world serves as a device to bring Shensheng back to life and to satisfy the reader's need for a just ending to the story.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He heeds good advice, understands the working of time and the imminence of justice; therefore, in this fundamentally moral sense, he can read the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Initially, as in the case of Shensheng, the narrative presents a paradox: evil seems to be prevailing over good and an exemplarily bad ruler successfully takes the place of and delays the coming of a good one.This narratological strategy is meant to explain and justify the belated coming of the Hero.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The predictions extrapolate the reader into the realm of the Supra-Narrative: the story that is parallel, silenced, yet constantly overshadowing and ultimately superseding the one the reader is currently reading.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The story of Chong'er is hidden from the reader, but unfurls in silence simultaneously with the narrated current of events in Jin.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The future, the time, and the story belong to Duke Wen, who will come in due time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the narratives on both levels are interdependent.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Duke Wen Story, the virtuous Actors, Shensheng and Chong'er, suffer injustice.Shensheng is glorified as a martyr on the Supra-Narrative level, but he also gets his reward in the Narrative.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Shi Wei compares Shensheng to Tai Bo, thus clearly indicating that the heir is not being deposed, but instead, is consciously yielding the throne to his younger brother, Chong'er.The parallel is at the same time an exaltation of Shensheng and a prediction of Chong'er's accession to the throne.”
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
“It also juxtaposes Shensheng and Yiwu as two opposite examples, where the former clears the way for Duke Wen, and the latter obstructs it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § 忌則多怨，又焉能克？ · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unlike Shensheng, Yiwu is unaware of the workings of time and, consequently, of the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The paradoxes are necessary on the Narrative level, because similar to the predictions, they make the reader aware of the supra-reality.Without the paradox, the latter could not be perceived and understood, and, in fact, it would not exist-the Narrator needs the supra-reality in order to explain the paradoxes, and, consequently, he constructs it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the use of such devices shows us that the narrative is not so much about the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Possessed of”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Elements and phenomena of the spirit world, such as ghosts, were considered by the contemporaries as an integral part of Nature, and the Zuo zhuan narrative presents them as”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > iv. The Spirit World
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [54]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the prognostications concerning him are about him, not for him, and they prepare the reader for his return as Duke Wen.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rhetoric of suppression and silence is a narrative device justifying the nineteen-year gap in Duke Wen Story.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 忌則多怨，又焉能克？
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Duke Xian understands how time works in daybooks' terms-it is either good or bad, and one needs to act accordingly to assure success.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sub-story (C) is an account of Chong'er's life in exile, and it completes the narrative of Chong'er becoming Duke Wen of Jin.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the Chu ruler characterizes Duke Wen as a man who knows the people and for whom their feelings are transparent; he is appointed by Heaven, and he has a special connection with time.He has enough of it, and he is not too early or too late.Heaven endows Duke Wen with time, so he does not need to worry about it.Therefore, nothing can stand in his way.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The idea of the cosmos emerging from daybooks is purely mechanistic: certain things always happen on certain days due to the correlative configurations beyond human control; every such phenomenon is already fixed according to its correspondence with the nature of the days, but since it is a known fact, a person can follow the instructions prescribed in the daybook to maneuver her way around it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Poo
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the Zuo zhuan presents a much more complex relationship between the sage and time: the sage not only prognosticates and follows the signs; also, the power to foresee the future is not a goal in itself-this ability alone is not what makes him a true sage; rather, the emphasis is on actual acting according to the rules of timeliness-the true sage always does the right thing at the right m”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, the historiographers derived their ideas about the working of time from the same source as the authors of almanacs, and they write history applying the system of prediction based on timeliness.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The narrative about Shensheng's comeback as a ghost is meant to make up to him for the undeserved doom and, at the same time, to satisfy-on the Narrative level-the reader's sense of justice.It is presented as a”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, Yiwu is given the time to prove himself wrong: just as Chong'er needs time to come as a hero, he, too, needs time to enact his doom.Yiwu has plenty of opportunities to mend his ways, but instead he continuously takes wrong decisions.It is clear that he brings this fate upon himself by acting blindly-ignoring all the predictions, and not heeding the advice offered to him.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unlike rishu, the yue ling are not a practical manual that anyone can consult at will (e.g. when in need to travel somewhere), but, true to their name, they are “ordinances” ling 令-they determine what one must do in each month of the year in order to avoid calamities.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is noteworthy that this oracle in not delivered to a superior.The minister is not addressing anyone, but instead merely “thinking aloud” to himself.His only addressee is the reader; in effect, Shi Wei replaces the Narrator, or, more exactly, serves as the Narrator's mouthpiece-avatar.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
- Rests on an assumption: The analytical categories of Actors, Prognosticators, and Narrator correspond to distinct functions within the Zuo zhuan narrative.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As we should note from the above passage, the sage is able to foresee the future only because he knows the “principle” underlying the mechanism of time-he understands how time works: the sage can foresee the future, because he studies the past; knowing the past and the future enables him to properly assess the present and thus apply correct measures to his government.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The prolonged period of absence becomes a sign of Duke Wen's special connection with Heaven and a proof of his sagehood-he is outside the time (and outside the chronological Narrative).”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The episode also serves as a double prediction.Apart from foretelling the time and place of Yiwu's doom, it reassures the continuity of the state of Jin and, by extension, predicts the return of Chong'er.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rishu, as a transcription of the course of time-and, thus, the universe-is a tool for manipulating “time-fate”: one's fate depends on the timeliness of one's action.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Duke Xian manipulates time, but he has no minghe does not see what future his act of manipulation will bring.Quite the contrary, he misreads the future and things turn out completely opposite to what he has planned.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ordinary people lack the Dao to achieve foreknowledge, and since they do, they attribute it to magic or to luck; but it is not a matter of either magic or of luck.The techniques of the sages must be as they have been described.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Knoblock and Riegel
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An Actor can choose to act in a timely or untimely manner (examples of Shensheng and Yiwu) and one can also manipulate fate (Duke Xian, who deliberately changes Shensheng's fate by means of timeliness).”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus, according to the yue ling, the sage must be impartial, correctly assess and judge people (properly apply punishments and rewards, appoint the worthy and expel the unworthy), engage only in just wars, honor teachers and elders, understand music, perform self-scrutiny and practice moderation, and be sincere.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to the Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋, the ruler is farsighted when he observes the calendar and follows the prognostications (“visible indicators” or “signs” zheng biao 徵表).”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lüshi chunqiu
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the determinative tone of the prediction makes it resemble a prognostication:”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Prognosticators-Omen Reading
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the Narrator takes upon himself the task of “illuminating”-ming-the reader by revealing to him the way of knowing the future.He achieves this by explaining to the reader the workings of time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This vision of time is “fatalistic” only in the sense that a person cannot “make” a day good or lucky; it is possible, however, to plan the future by picking a lucky day and suitably matching activities to the proper day.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As I suggested at the beginning of this study, the system of timeliness in historiography echoes the naïve, mantic concept of time that can be observed in daybooks, and, in effect, “canonical” historiographical works, such as Chunqiu and the Zuo zhuan, emerge as quasi-daybooksmanuals for understanding the mechanism of timeliness.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As Li Ling points out, the daybook prognosticators and the historiographers later on split ways: starting from the Warring States period, the parlance of the rizhe was circulating among common people and was no longer affiliated with the court.In other words, the almanacs acquired the status of popular and not official literature.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Ling
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“by observing the way of Heaven that Shi Wei is able to understand the mechanism of meting out justice based on timeliness, the causes and consequences of events, and, consequently, to foretell the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They are the avatars of the Narrator in the Narrative.The Prognosticators possess “sagely illumination,” that is, because they know the past, they are able to predict the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Prognosticators-Omen Reading
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
- Rests on an assumption: The analytical categories of Actors, Prognosticators, and Narrator correspond to distinct functions within the Zuo zhuan narrative.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In effect, both Yiwu's doom and Chong'er's comeback are brought about by divine interference.The Narrator uses the spirit world to reassure the reader about the infallibility of justice and to accentuate the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the text warns that ignoring or disobeying the injunctions will result in a natural disaster affecting everybody.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After nineteen years, this is the first mention of Chong'er in the text, and he is nameless-he is referred to as”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, “time” and “fate” become interdependent.As daybooks promise, correct application of the mechanism of timeliness ensures success and good fortune.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Duke Xian may believe he has conquered time, but instead, time conquers him.”
- Also stated in: § Timeliness and the Writers of History · plain
“it is Shensheng and Chong'er who will succeed; they really “conquer” time, in that their “sagely illumination” enables them to choose timely actions.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Timeliness and the Writers of History · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“entirely mutual, but the mechanistic nature of time renders it predictable and thus conquerable.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, daybooks are tools for manipulating time-fatethey enable one to avoid bad fortune and ensure that the events turn the favorable way; also, they foster a worldview in which good and bad fortune-and, by extension, future-can be prognosticated.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He repudiates arms: he first refuses to fight his father, and all the wars he wages as Duke Wen are punitive expeditions; and he establishes his rule in Jin and his hegemony over the entire Zhou domain by means of virtue and ritual.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A sage surpasses ordinary men because he uses foreknowledge.Foreknowledge invariably involves attentiveness to confirming characteristics and visible indicators.Without them, even Yao and Shun would be ordinary men . . .”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Knoblock and Riegel
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Shensheng's return as a ghost is”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“In effect, according to Wang's definition, in Chinese tradition a”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C. H. Wang, "Towards Defining a Chinese Heroism," Journal of the American Oriental Society 95.1 (1975), 27.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The prognostications in daybooks are based on a fixed system in which “time” figures as an agent: it is in itself “good” or “bad,” and it determines the course of events on a given day.Every undertaking is either timely or untimely, and the daybook advances the information regarding that.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Poo
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As we saw in Duke Wen Story, the prescience is the defining quality of the sage.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Duke Wen Story draws a clear parallel between King Wen of Zhou and Duke Wen of Jin.As I pointed out before, Gongsun Zhi of Qin articulates it in juxtaposition with Yiwu; also, King Wen and Duke Wen's bearing the same reign name, and that name being”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“furthermore, Knoblock and Riegel observe that according to the yue ling, a ruler's destruction is not something outside of his control and he should not merely study the signs sent from Heaven, as diviners do, but adjust his course of action accordingly.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Knoblock and Riegel
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Zuo zhuan, Duke Xian of Jin (Shensheng, Yiwu, and Chong'er's father) can be seen applying this mechanistic concept of time.By deliberately sending Shensheng on untimely assignments, he disqualifies his son as heir-apparent and blocks his way to the throne.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Donald Harper deems the yue ling “political” in nature and concludes that “astrological and calendrical data . . .are set forth as the foundation of an orderly state.””
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Harper
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, the philosophical treatises that follow the initial hemerological chapter of each book of the almanacs establish a direct link between the prognostications and running a state.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Michael Loewe in his study on rishu suggests the existence of a relationship between daybooks and contemporary historical writings.As he points out, the tabular form used to list the prescriptions in rishu resembles that found in the Shi ji; moreover, he observes that other types of documents, such as historical writings, feature the same subjects as the almanacs: religious activities, human desti”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Loewe
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“As shown by Mu-chou Poo, the function of a daybook or an almanac is to advise whether a given day is auspicious or inauspicious for a certain kind of activity and for a particular kind of person.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Poo
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rizhe, through their daybooks, provided people with solutions in everyday life.They studied the working of the universe, and they revealed and explained the unknown and the mysterious.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If we consider the yue ling treatises in this way, we will see that they constitute a plan for a perfect government; they serve as moral guidelines for the ruler and draw the picture of a true sage, with the list of the attributes and qualities that he needs to possess and cultivate;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rishu provide general advice that could be applied by individual users; the yue ling, on the other hand, are addressed to the population at large and to the rulers of states in particular, and they leave a clear message that the calendar absolutely needs to be observed and the ordinances implemented, lest the course of nature be disturbed and calamity should strike.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to the worldview presented in these treatises, an effective government of a state depends entirely on the ruler's observance of the calendar; at the same time, the ruler, in order to fulfill his role as the Son of Heaven, must coordinate his actions with the cycle of Heaven, i.e. following the instructions provided by the yue ling;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Zuo zhuan Narrator's main focus is ming jun-the illuminated ruler.His purpose is to answer the question of how is the illuminated rulerand the time of his “coming”-to be known?”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the rishu worldview, time determines people's lives profoundly, forcing them to follow the calendar and adjust their activities to its course; on the other hand, however, time's regularity and predictability puts people in control and leaves a lot of room for manipulation.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Special emphasis is put on the sage's “farsightedness” chang jian 長見, which implies the ability to foresee the future:”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, the reader is prepared for the comeback of Chong'er, and therefore knows immediately who the nameless”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They identify the ming Actors, and they communicate with the spirit world, behaving as the go-betweens of the human and the divine.They expose the “illuminated” Actors-Heroes, and by doing that-as well as by foretelling the future-they reveal their own ming.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Prognosticators-Omen Reading
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
- Rests on an assumption: The analytical categories of Actors, Prognosticators, and Narrator correspond to distinct functions within the Zuo zhuan narrative.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rizhe did not compose almanacs for didactic purposes; they did not convert the concept of time into an ideology meant to control people by influencing their behavior, as is the case in contemporary historical works.The function of rishu-and the rizhe's knowledge of time-is practical.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In both cases, Yiwu-the current Jin ruleris alienated from his state.The correction in Shensheng's judgment is significant-he resolves to punish Yiwu alone, just as did the Earl of Qin.Noticeably, this time Hu Tu does not contest the ghost's decision: the minister does not try to protect Yiwu-his ruler-because he agrees that he deserves to be deposed.In this case, the doom of the ruler does not”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each episode carries a portent that is played out later in the final part of Duke Jin's story; thus, the narrative shows that his comeback is predestined and desired.The story is equipped with elements from the spirit world to indicate that the event of Chong'er's return as Duke Wen was, in effect, brought about by divine powers.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The transition of power was clearly not smooth, and the rush in which Yu issues the command indicates that the opposition against him and the support for Chong'er were considerable.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Daybooks are written pronouncements of prognosticators rizhe 日者, who knew and understood the nature of time, and therefore were able to foretell the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Ling
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sub-story (C) is an”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Before the battle, even the king of Chu recognizes Duke Wen's sagehood and superiority, and he understands that acting against him is futile:”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, the state depends on the actions of the ruler, and the ruler can only be a sage if he observes the instructions sent by Heaven and spelled out in the yue ling; an enlightened (sage) ruler can foresee and prevent any calamity, thus his failure or success are his own doing.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The final execution of justice comes with the return of Chong'er.Characteristically, he returns not as a human being, but a ghost.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 2. The Return of Chong'er and the Execution of Justice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The yue ling almanacs are based on the same calendrical precepts as rishu and likewise build on the idea that time is predetermined as either good or bad; in comparison, however, they represent a more elaborate worldview and serve a different function.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, Yiwu's doom comes as a result of his own action, the intervention of Shensheng being only an illustration of this mechanism.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But also, it shows that-as an”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The structure and context of Shi Wei's prognostication render the narrative a formulaic character, which suggests that it comes from some “higher,” perhaps even spiritual source or inspiration.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
hedgedstates a possible causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As implied in the Zuo zhuan narrative, his knowledge of time is superficial, his judgment shortsighted, and the success he achieves by his actions short-lived.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Li Ling draws a straight line connecting the rizhe with the “historiographers” shi; in his opinion, both groups of officers belong to the same tradition stemming from the court “calendar specialists”-riguan 日官 or riyu 日御.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li Ling
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As we could see in the examples from the Zuo zhuan narrative, understanding the mechanistic nature of time and organizing it into a system of timeliness makes the future-or time itself-predictable, and thus controllable.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Shensheng has an exclusive agreement with the Lord on High, and he uses it not merely in order to take his own revenge, but, more exactly, to punish Yiwu and set the state on the right track-to finalize the coming of the”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 1. The Return of Shensheng
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, Shi Wei is performing an act of moral and situational divination over Shensheng and Jin's future.He derives his knowledge from Heaven and uses it to discern the right and the wrong.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Shi Wei is ming.He reveals his own sagehood by reading the omens and recognizing the “sagely illumination” of the Actors.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > 大子不得立矣。
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“as Harper puts it, “the king translated Heaven's harmonious operation into social reality”;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Harper
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, people are able to control time by understanding its nature; they can use the mechanism of timeliness in order to predict things-the daybook helps them determine whether an action is timely or not.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to avoid future misfortunes, the sage must be aware of the past precedence.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Timeliness and the Writers of History
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“History writing perceived from this perspective gains a moral and political significance, and it sanctions the sagely role of the historiographer.Knowing and understanding history is tantamount to being a sage.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“此概念源自同時期日書與月令等傳統。”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Narrator demonstrates that one can know the future from knowing the past: by studying and correctly understanding-ming-history.The future is written in the past, and the past is written in the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The written record of events had apotropaic functions and was meant for a future use.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The historiographers were not just recording the events, but communicating with the spirits; they were preserving and studying the past in order to prognosticate about the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Actor's fate depends entirely on the moral choices he makes; these have to be ming-be based on the recognition of the right timing.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Actors practice their ming-or the lack thereof-in the narrative's “here and now” by making moral choices between right and wrong;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confucius reveals his own sagehood by identifying the lin and understanding its untimely coming as a portent and a sign of the lack of a ming wang.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: In the context of the Zuo zhuan, the 'superior man' (junzi) is conventionally taken to be Confucius.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The narrative is not a warning, but it reflects this principle, and it does serve as moral guidance.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study of individual biographies from this perspective reveals how the Zuo zhuan establishes the relationship between people and time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Illumination is, at the same time, both the servant of justice and the means by which justice is served.Its exercise implies discerning the distinction between right and wrong, and knowing the time when justice is to be executed.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The concept of ming-“sagely illumination”-is the key to implementing this law and, at the same time, exposing it.In ming inheres the ability to mete out punishments and rewards in a just manner, and its standard derives from an accurate understanding of “timeliness” shi.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Narrator metes out punishments and rewards by evaluating the Actors in retrospect and assigning them a place in history-he is able to correctly read the past;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Timeliness-shi-is what defines and legitimizes him.The coming of the illuminated ruler can be known in advance, and he is the right one if he comes at the right time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In effect, the Narrator proves his own ming.He sees and exposes the right and wrong, and, like a punitive “illuminated” ghost ming gui, he metes out punishments and rewards.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The story lives after the speaker dies-both Shensheng and Chong'er are aware of their own historicity.They consciously negotiate and create their historical profiles to represent them in the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Zuo zhuan, through the portraits of the Actors, the Narrator conveys the message that their “position in history”-the “history's” judgment-is not accidental.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In effect, then, “time” or “timeliness”-shi-emerges as the prime agent that determines the course of history.It imposes limits on the Actors, who need to adjust their actions accordingly.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An “untimely” action, no matter how well intentioned, cannot be successful; a truly virtuous person understands that, and therefore waits for the suitable moment to act.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Historiography in China originated as a religious practice.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The office of shi combined the duties of ritual masters, prognosticators-astrologers and diviners-and historiographers, hence the transmission of ideas.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“本文論證《左傳》中的歷史敘事建立在 「時」與「不時」的概念上。 敘事裡人物行動的結果是否成功取決於「時」(則吉)或「不時」(則 凶)。”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An untimely-bu shi-and thus improper action disturbs the course of Nature and leads to complications and anomalies.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is by being ming or not that the Actor positions himself in history.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Shensheng dies actually and Chong'er figuratively for the sake of winning life in the memory of the posterity.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through his historiographical performance, the Zuo zhuan Narrator, too, identifies the Illuminated Ruler; by means of applying the moral code based on timeliness, he evaluates the Actors, explains the present, and foresees the future.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Narrator analyses what lead to Chong'er's becoming Duke Wen and shows how it was known all along from the very beginning.Chong'er was always Duke Wen, Hero-Illuminated Ruler, and his coming was only a matter of time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consequently, shi influences a person's fate; but, from the all-important perspective of History, what matters is the moral choice and wisdom of the Actors as they try to “see” whether they should act or not.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The temporal structure of the Zuo zhuan episodes is not just an abstract organizational principle, but the very canvas on which the story is written; it carries with it a particular moral system-“timely” and “untimely” action correspond with morally charged concepts of “right” and “wrong.””
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Hero is a ming Actor, and a ming jun-illuminated ruler-is the ruler who quite literally punishes the wicked, rewards the virtuous, and whose government depends on good advice.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A ming person understands the workings of time and knows that acting against it is both futile and immoral.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, a person can only be considered “virtuous” if his actions are executed at the right time.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Zuo zhuan does not explicitly pronounce the law by which punishments and rewards are based on timeliness; but it can be considered an illustration and even a “product” of it.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rhetorical transformation of a human into a non-human corresponds with the supra-narratological metamorphosis of an individual into a historical figure immortalized through a historical record.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is especially visible in cases of injustice, when virtue seems to go unrewarded and wickedness unpunished.It is then that the Narrator's questioning comes into play and when he discloses the moral law of rewards and punishments based on the understanding of-and obeisance to-timeliness.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studying history, in this worldview, was the same as consulting the sagesancestors through oracle bones or other forms of divination.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Prognosticators do the same by always pronouncing the right judgment and predicting the fates of the Actorsthey are able to see the future;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yiwu, on the other hand, unaware of being a historical figure, acts against time and is wiped off the historical record.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Humans are tied to Nature in that all their activities are regulated by the calendar, whose operation is ritualistic.It is because of this that all transgressions result in grave consequences.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, and this is key, the ability to see if the time is right-the quality of “sagely illumination” ming-is the most important of all qualities.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the Narrator tells the “history”-Chong'er's past-as a prognosticated future, and all the events are presented as predictions of what follows next.”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > Conclusions
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The mantic texts of the same period and the Zuo zhuan share enough conceptual continuity for the former to be treated as the origin of the latter's ideas about time.
“I trace the origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan to contemporary hemerological tradition, such as the rishu 日書 “daybooks” or “almanacs” and the yue ling 月令 “monthly ordinances,” which enable humans to manipulate time and “create” history.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Chunqiu and Zuo zhuan are the two earliest extant Chinese historiographical works.
“The Spring and Autumn Annals Chunqiu and Zuo zhuan are the two earliest extant Chinese historiographical works.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Chunqiu functions as a ritual register of messages for ancestors transmitted during temple sacrifices.
“considering the ritual character of the Annals-as a register of messages for the ancestors transmitted during sacrificial ceremonies in the temple”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Zuo zhuan Narrator is constrained by the chronological course of real events and by historical facts or what really happened.
“the Zuo zhuan Narrator is restricted to a degree by the chronological course of real events and by the “historical facts” or what “really happened””
The paper relies on this without support.
The Zuo zhuan has a coherent Narrator who intentionally designs narrative effects.
“The Narrator uses prognostications to explain why Shensheng does not get the throne, as well as to present Yiwu as an illegitimate ruler.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The expectations of the Zuo zhuan's readers can be inferred from the narrative's devices.
“The reader expects that the story will continue, but also that the unfair banishment of Chong'er will be revoked and the injustice done to him repaid.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Duke Wen Story is a unified narrative composed of sub-stories (A), (B), and (C).
“Sub-stories (A) and (B) discussed above narrate the events in Jin during Chong'er's absence.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Gaps and silences in the narrative are meaningful rhetorical devices rather than mere omissions.
“The rhetoric of suppression and silence is a narrative device justifying the nineteen-year gap in Duke Wen Story.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Prognostications and portents in the narrative are intended to be fulfilled within the story.
“The portents that dot the narrative further enforce this point: they need time to come true.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The reader already knows the ending of Duke Wen's story.
“the reader has yet to see the unfurling of the ending he already knows.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Zuo zhuan narrative can be analyzed as having a Supra-Narrative level beyond the linear narrative.
“The predictions extrapolate the reader into the realm of the Supra-Narrative: the story that is parallel, silenced, yet constantly overshadowing and ultimately superseding the one the reader is currently reading.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Zuo zhuan can be read as a coherent narrative produced by a single Narrator whose purposes and judgments are recoverable from the text.
“The Zuo zhuan Narrator's main focus is ming jun-the illuminated ruler.His purpose is to answer the question of how is the illuminated rulerand the time of his “coming”-to be known?”
The paper relies on this without support.
The analytical categories of Actors, Prognosticators, and Narrator correspond to distinct functions within the Zuo zhuan narrative.
“After presenting the three Actors in the Duke Wen story, let me turn to their advisers-the Prognosticators.They are the ones in the narrative who directly construct the moral portrait of the Actors-their ming or the lack thereof-for the reader.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In the context of the Zuo zhuan, the 'superior man' (junzi) is conventionally taken to be Confucius.
“In the context of the Zuo zhuan, the “superior man” 君子 is conventionally agreed to be Confucius.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > b. The Narrative and the Supra-Narrative
“(B) The history of Jin's war with Qin under the rule of Yiwu/Duke Huai;”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Story-What Exactly Happened?
“After Duke Hui's (Yiwu's) death, his son Yu took over as Duke Huai 晉懷公;”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > ii. Sub-story (B)-Yiwu and the Historical Doom
“Thus, Chong'er does not become "Duke Wen" when he returns to the state after Yiwu's/Duke Hui's death, and before then he is only known as "Chong'er."”
§ HISTORY AS FUTURE-TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN > The Story-What Exactly Happened?
“Qin restored Chong'er in Jin as Duke Wen 晉文公, and with Qin's help, he re-entered the state, defeated the Jin troops, and put to death Duke Huai.”
Citations
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Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Yuan, 1980, Shisan jing zhushu
- Ling, 2004, Jianbo gushu yu xueshu yuanliu
- Gu, 1962, Han shu
- Bojun, 1990, Chunqiu Zuo zhuan zhu
- Shirakawa, 1976, Kanji no sekai
- Liangchun, 1991, Zhongguo wenxue dacidian
- Słupski, 2001, The Literary Structure of the Chunqiu and the Zuo zhuan, Archív Orientální, 69
- Karapetiantz, 1988, Ethics and Ritual in Traditional China
- Zongtong, 1965, Shiguan zhidu—fu lun dui chuantong zhi zunzhong, Taiwan daxue wenshizhe xuebao, 14
- Bojun, 1980, Lunyu yizhu
- Knoblock, 2000, The Annals of Lü Buwei, 63
Cited by
Sorted by citations
(2019) · Early China · doi:10.1017/eac.2019.10
Representations of Traditional Culture And Ancient Chinese In The Movie "Chang'an Animation"
Marzuqi, A., Mardasari, O. R., & Syafruddin, D. (2026) · Journal of Chinese Language and Culture Studies · doi:10.17977/um073v5i12026p12-26
Metadata
- Authors
- Gibas, P.
- Affiliations
- College of Charleston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gibas, Piotr
- Venue
- Early China
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 41
- Pages
- 29-86
- ISSN
- 0362-5028 (ISSN-L)
- 2325-2324
- OpenAlex
- W2902618717
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Early China (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Philosophy, History, and Historiography
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Classical Studies and Philology
- Keywords
- Zuo Zhuan, historical narratives, timeliness, prediction, divination, almanacs, diviners
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: HISTORY AS FUTURE—TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/eac.2018.21
- The paper
- Gibas, P. (2018). HISTORY AS FUTURE—TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN. Early China. https://doi.org/10.1017/eac.2018.21
