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Cited by 666Surgical site infection preventionHyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patientsInfection Control in Healthcare

Diabetes and risk of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Martin, Emily T., Kaye, Keith S., Knott, Caitlin, Nguyen, Huong, Santarossa, Maressa, Evans, Richard, Bertran, Elizabeth, Jaber, Linda·2016·Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
DOI 10.1017/ice.2015.249PMC PMC4914132
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the independent association between diabetes and surgical site infection (SSI) across multiple surgical procedures. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Studies indexed in PubMed published between December 1985 and through July 2015 were identified through the search terms “risk factors” or “glucose” and “surgical site infection.” A total of 3,631 abstracts were identified through the initial search terms. Full texts were reviewed for 522 articles. Of these, 94 articles met the criteria for inclusion. Standardized data collection forms were used to extract study-specific estimates for diabetes, blood glucose levels, and body mass index (BMI). A random-effects meta-analysis was used to generate pooled estimates, and meta-regression was used to evaluate specific hypothesized sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: The primary outcome was SSI, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance criteria. The overall effect size for the association between diabetes and SSI was odds ratio (OR)=1.53 (95% predictive interval [PI], 1.11–2.12; I 2, 57.2%). SSI class, study design, or patient BMI did not significantly impact study results in a meta-regression model. The association was higher for cardiac surgery 2.03 (95% PI, 1.13–4.05) compared with surgeries of other types (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the consideration of diabetes as an independent risk factor for SSIs for multiple surgical procedure types. Continued efforts are needed to improve surgical outcomes for diabetic patients. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;37(1):88–99

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  • The glycemic threshold for an increase in complications is estimated to be somewhere between 100 and 180 mg/dL in most studies.

    “The glycemic threshold for an increase in complications is estimated to be somewhere between 100 and 180 mg/dL (5.5 and 10 mmol/L) in most of these studies (135-138).”

    From 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [135]

    The Results section (Meta-analysis for blood glucose and SSI) reports that six of ten studies assessing pre-operative glucose and five of eleven assessing post-operative glucose used a 200 mg/dL threshold. The Conclusions (Consistency of Included Studies) likewise says approximately half used lower thresholds and the remaining studies used 200 mg/dL. The paper therefore does not place the threshold between 100 and 180 mg/dL in most studies; it describes thresholds used to define hyperglycemia, not a single estimated point at which complications increase. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Martin, E. T., Kaye, K. S., Knott, C., Nguyen, H., Santarossa, M., Evans, R., Bertran, E., & Jaber, L.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Wayne State University (US)
  • Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
Martin, Emily T.
ORCID
Venue
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2015-10-27
Volume
37
Issue
1
Pages
88-99
ISSN
  • 0899-823X (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-6834
DOI
10.1017/ice.2015.249
PMC
PMC4914132
OpenAlex
W1842712547
Cited by
666
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 64 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 11 · 2014: 1
FWCI
4.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Michigan
  • School of Public Health, University of Michigan
  • National Institutes of Health
  • College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K01AI099006)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical site infection prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
Keywords
diabetes mellitus, surgical site infection, risk factors, blood glucose, body mass index, cardiac surgery, surgical outcomes
MeSH terms
Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Surgical Wound Infection, Odds Ratio

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