Visual and spatial long-term memory: differential pattern of impairments in Williams and down syndromes.
Abstract
This purpose of this study was to investigate visual-object and visual-spatial long-term memory (LTM) abilities in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and Down syndrome (DS). Four groups comprised of 15 participants were included: WS group (10 males) with a mean chronological age (CA) of 18 years 5 months, SD 6 years 4 months, and mean mental age (MA) of 6 years 8 months, SD 1 year 5 months; WS control group (eight males) comprised of typically developing children (CA mean 6y 7mo, SD 8mo); DS group, (10 males, CA mean 16y 5mo, SD 5y 10mo; MA mean 5y 4mo, SD 8mo); and DS control group (seven males) formed by typically developing children (CA mean 5y 6mo, SD 7mo). In the WS and DS groups mental age and IQ were evaluated with the Form L-M of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Results showed that individuals with WS showed decreased learning of visual-spatial material but substantially typical learning of visual-object patterns as compared to a group of mental-age-matched typically developing children. Individuals with DS showed the opposite profile, i.e. typical learning of visual-spatial sequences but impaired learning of visual-object patterns. These results, showing an interesting double dissociation between these two genetic syndromes in the learning of visual-object patterns as opposed to visual-spatial data, support the interpretation of learning disability* as a heterogeneous condition, characterized by potentially very different qualitative profiles of cognitive…
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The intellectual disability in Down syndrome presents with predominant deficits in executive functioning and memory.
“It presents as a range of impairments including predominant deficits in executive functioning and memory (Vicari et al., 2005, 2000; Lanfranchi et al., 2010; Costanzo et al., 2013; Grieco et al., 2015).”
From Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models (2022) · cites this paper as Vicari et al., 2005
Memory impairment in Down syndrome includes deficits in both short-term and long-term declarative memory, with procedural memory comparable to typically developing peers.
“The memory impairment includes deficits in both short-term and long-term declarative memory, with procedural memory comparable to typically developing peers (Carlesimo et al., 1997; Pennington et al., 2003; Vicari et al., 2005, 2000; Godfrey and Lee, 2018).”
From Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models (2022) · cites this paper as Vicari et al., 2005
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References 35 · Cited by 157
- Authors
- Vicari, S., Bellucci, S., & Carlesimo, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Venue
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 305-311
- ISSN
- 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8749
- OpenAlex
- W2144948331
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, long-term memory, visuospatial memory, visual object memory, double dissociation, learning disabilities, cognitive impairment, genetic syndromes, memory impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Down Syndrome, Female, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Neuropsychological Tests, Mental Recall, Space Perception, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Williams Syndrome
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