The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
International Sanctions: A Framework for Analysis with Special Reference to the UN and Southern Africa
Abstract
This paper falls into two main parts. In Part I an attempt is made to develop a simple framework which can be used for analyzing the role of sanctions, with special reference to international sanctions.1In Part II this framework is used to investigate the status of the United Nations as a sanctioning body and, in particular, the relationship between the UN and Southern Africa where Rhodesia has been subjected to international economic sanctions since 1965 and South Africa has been under threat of similar measures since the early 1960s.2
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Early research was largely focused on prominent cases, such as the US sanctions on Cuba or the League of Nations sanctions on Italy mentioned earlier, and generally came to the conclusion that sanctions do not bring about significant changes in target state policies (Galtung 1967; Hoffmann 1967; Doxey 1972).”
From Economic Sanctions: Evolution, Consequences, and Challenges (2023) · cites this paper as Doxey 1972
Citations
Cites
The Social Psychology of Organizations.
Hackman, J. R., Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2989929 · Cited by 12,243
(1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,500
A Systems Analysis of Political Life
Albrow, M., & Easton, D. (1966) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/589063 · Cited by 3,333
(1965) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,109
McCalister, D. V., Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1967) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/46.1.118-a · Cited by 2,287
Schelling, T. C. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · doi:10.4324/9781315814803-17 · Cited by 1,605
On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions, With Examples from the Case of Rhodesia
Galtung, J. (1967) · World Politics · doi:10.2307/2009785 · Cited by 655
Haskell, M. R., & Yablonsky, L. (1978) · Cited by 570
International Politics and Foreign Policy
Lieshout, R. H. (1995) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781782542025.00014 · Cited by 473
Collective Legitimization as a Political Function of the United Nations
Claude, I. L. (1966) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300012832 · Cited by 408
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Africa Digest, 10, 1971, (Vol. 18, No. 5), p. 13 et seq.
- See Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Meeting in London: Final Communique, Cmnd 3115 (London, 1966) pp. 3–4.
- Fawcett, 1970, Greece and the International Community, The World Today, 26, 225
- Gurr, 1967, The Conditions of Civil Violence: First Tests of a Casual Model, 28
- Parsons, 1947, The Theory of Economic and Social Organization, 328
- Iowa Law Review, 1963-1964, (Vol. 49) p. 234.)
- Segal, 1964, Sanctions
- Austin, 1968, The Character and Legislation of the Rhodesian Front since UDI
- Zacklin, 1969, Challenge of Rhodesia, International Conciliation, 575, 5
- Doxey, 1971, The Rhodesian Sanctions Experiment,, Year Book of World Affairs, 25, 142
- International Sanctions: a report by a group of members for the Royal Institute of International Affairs (London: Oxford University Press for RIIA, 1938)
- The World Today, 03, 1967 (Vol. 23, No. 3) p. 102.
- Economic Sanctions and International Enforcement (London: Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, [Oxford paperback 268] 1971).
- Leiss, 1965, Apartheid and UN Collective Measures: an Analysis, 165
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Modeling Selection Bias in Studies of Sanctions Efficacy
Nooruddin, I. (2002) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050620210394 · Cited by 197
Institutions and Organizations
Navari, C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56055-3_9 · Cited by 173
Economic Sanctions: Evolution, Consequences, and Challenges
Morgan, T. C., Syropoulos, C., & Yotov, Y. V. (2023) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.37.1.3 · Cited by 177
Tsebelis, G. (1990) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002790034001001 · Cited by 165
Political Institutions, Coercive Diplomacy, and the Duration of Economic Sanctions
McGillivray, F., & Stam, A. C. (2004) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002703262858 · Cited by 127
Democracy and the Successful Use of Economic Sanctions
Hart, R. A. (2000) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/106591290005300203 · Cited by 112
Grauvogel, J., Licht, A. A., & von Soest, C. (2017) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isq/sqw044 · Cited by 91
Drezner, D. W. (2023) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-032240 · Cited by 77
Economic sanctions as an instrument of foreign policy: The role of domestic politics
Morgan, T., & Schwebach, V. L. (1995) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050629508434868 · Cited by 76
Do economic sanctions impair target economies?
Shin, G., Choi, S., & Luo, S. (2015) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512115590203 · Cited by 64
Economic Coercion in World Politics: With a Focus on North-South Relations
Olson, R. S. (1979) · World Politics · doi:10.2307/2009906 · Cited by 64
Trade and Technology Incentives and Bilateral Cooperation
Long, W. J. (1996) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2600932 · Cited by 47
Peterson, T. M., & Drury, A. C. (2011) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002710393915 · Cited by 36
Economic Sanctions against Russia: Assessing the Policies to Overcome their Impact
Belozyorov, S. A., & Sokolovska, O. (2020) · Economy of Regions · doi:10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-8 · Cited by 31
Effectiveness of Economic Sanctions: Assessment by Means of a Systematic Literature Review
Гринберг, Р., Belozyorov, S. A., & Sokolovska, O. (2021) · Economy of Regions · doi:10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-1 · Cited by 29
(2006) · Physica-Verlag eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7908-1762-1_5 · Cited by 26
Do Sanctions Cause Economic Growth Collapses?
Splinter, M., & Klomp, J. (2021) · NL ARMS · doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_7 · Cited by 21
Unilateral Sanctions in International Law: A Quest for Legality
Mohamad, R. (2015) · T.M.C. Asser Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-051-0_4 · Cited by 18
NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2021
Beeres, R. J. M., Bertrand, R., Klomp, J., Timmermans, J., & Voetelink, J. (2021) · NL ARMS · doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6 · Cited by 14
McDonald, B. D., & Reitano, V. (2013) · Armed Forces & Society · doi:10.1177/0095327x16631095 · Cited by 12
The European Union and Belarus: Sanctions and partnership?
Portela, C. (2011) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/cep.2011.13 · Cited by 11
Erdőháti-Kiss, A., Janik, H., Tóth, A., Tóth, Z. N., & Késmárki-Gally, S. E. (2023) · Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) · doi:10.15549/jeecar.v10i5.1249 · Cited by 5
Charron, A. (2010) · Canadian Foreign Policy Journal · doi:10.1080/11926422.2010.9687317 · Cited by 3
Logiques des sanctions de l’Union européenne contre la Russie au sujet de l’Ukraine
Portela, C. (2023) · Études internationales · doi:10.7202/1111131ar · Cited by 3
The Impact of Russian Import Ban on the International Peach Trade Network
Erdőháti-Kiss, A., Naár-Tóth, Z., & Késmárki-Gally, S. E. (2023) · Acta Polytechnica Hungarica · doi:10.12700/aph.20.10.2023.10.11 · Cited by 2
A Theoretical Evaluation of Different Faces of Power:US-Turkey Relations Towards Iraq
Sözen, A. (2009) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 2
Targeted Sanctions and Deterrence in the Twenty-first Century
Giumelli, F. (2020) · NL ARMS · doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_18 · Cited by 2
President Kennedy, Prime Minister Macmillan and the Gold Market, 1960–63
O’Hara, G. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230361270_4 · Cited by 1
Koordynacja sankcji Stanów Zjednoczonych i Unii Europejskiej wobec Rosji
Matera, P. (2016) · Polityka i Społeczeństwo · doi:10.15584/polispol.2016.2.3 · Cited by 1
How to Identify and Assess a Foreign Policy?
Morin, J., & Paquin, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61003-0_2 · Cited by 1
Влияние инициативы «Один пояс, Один путь» на инвестиционный климат Казахстана
Demeuov, N. B., Yesdauletova, A., & Ayapbekova, A. (2023) · International relations and international law Journal · doi:10.26577/irilj.2023.v101.i1.04 · Cited by 1
Namibia: A Test Case of International Accountability 1946–81: A Select Bibliography
Coker, C. (1984) · A Current Bibliography on African Affairs · doi:10.1177/001132558401600404 · Cited by 1
A Bibliographical Essay on the November 1971 Rhodesian Settlement Proposals
Doro, M. E. (1973) · A Current Bibliography on African Affairs · doi:10.1177/001132557300600403 · Cited by 1
Thinking strategically about sanctions: a research agenda
Schmitt, O. (2012) · Research Portal (King's College London) · Cited by 1
The Effectiveness of the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions RegimePreprint
Portela, C., Tilahun, N., & Peez, A. (2025) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/cxd4k_v1 · Cited by 1
WHEN COERCION BACKFIRES: THE LIMITS OF COERCIVE DIPLOMACY IN IRAN.
Cheraghlou, E. M. (2015) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/m2f915 · Cited by 1
TURNING BACK THE CLOCK: U.N. SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ
Alger, J. D. (1997) · Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School)
Välja, R. (2014) · DSpace repository (University of Tartu)
Political Significance of Economic Sanctions
Hunter, D. W. (1991) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-12002-4_6
A Conceptual Framework for Sanctions
Hunter, D. W. (1991) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-12002-4_4
Sanctions with Chinese characteristics : the effects of China's sanctions rhetoric on its behaviour
Poh, A. (2018) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/75871
Bharti, M. S. (2023) · Stosunki międzynarodowe/Stosunki Międzynarodowe · doi:10.12688/stomiedintrelat.17625.1
On the Way to the Hungarian EU Presidency
Fűrész, T., Gát, Á. B., Kalas, V., Máthé, R. Z., Miszlivetz, Á. J., Molnár, B. P., Navracsics, T., Pató, V. L., Petri, B., Schmidt, L., et al. (2023) · Ludovika Egyetemi Kiadó eBooks · doi:10.36250/01172_00
When Do Sanctions Work? The Cases against the Soviet Union and Russia
Zsuzsánna, M. R. (n.d.) · Közszolgálati Tudásportál
Les sanctions économiques dans la réponse apportée à la crise nucléaire iranienne
Jeantil, M. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/551f25d4z7f65z43c1zb763zd5bfc8427f10
Úton a magyar uniós elnökség felé
Fűrész, T., Gát, Á. B., Kalas, V., Máthé, R. Z., Miszlivetz, Á. J., Molnár, B. P., Navracsics, T., Pató, V. L., Petri, B., Schmidt, L., et al. (2023) · Ludovika Egyetemi Kiadó eBooks · doi:10.36250/01146_00
Máthé, R. Z. (2023) · Ludovika Egyetemi Kiadó eBooks · doi:10.36250/01146_06
Metadata
- Authors
- Doxey, M.
- Affiliations
- Trent University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Doxey, Margaret
- Venue
- International Organization
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1972
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 527-550
- ISSN
- 0020-8183 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-5088
- OpenAlex
- W2006924040
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Organization (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Sanctions and International Relations
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Global Peace and Security Dynamics
- Keywords
- international sanctions, economic sanctions, United Nations, UN sanctions, Southern Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa, decolonization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review