The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effect of Sanctions on U.S. Foreign Direct Investment
Abstract
For years, the United States has imposed economic sanctions to compel countries to alter their behavior. An important concern is whether government sanctions influence private foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions, the largest source of foreign capital. In the first study to assess empirically the relationship between economic sanctions and FDI, we consider whether U.S. sanctions influence U.S. FDI inflows into targeted countries. Using panel data for 171 countries from 1965 to 2000, we find strong evidence that U.S investors pull out of countries targeted for U.S sanctions prior to their imposition. This disinvestment is not permanent and investment tends to return after the sanctions are imposed. The results provide support for FDI studies that show the effect of risk on investor decision making.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data
Beck, N., & Katz, J. N. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082979 · Cited by 6,840
Jensen, N. M. (2003) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818303573040 · Cited by 1,017
Research works printed but not linked: 49
- 10.2307/2010323 · DOI
- Richardson, 1993, Sizing Up U.S. Export Disincentives
- 10.1111/j.1468-0343.2008.00330.x · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1079-1760.2003.00504007.x · DOI · Paper page
- Marshall, 2006, Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2004
- 10.1177/00223433030406002 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0022381608081048 · DOI
- Li, 2009, Democracy, Autocracy, and Expropriation of Foreign Direct Investment, Comparative Political Studies, 42, 1098, 10.1177/0010414009331723 · DOI
- Hufbauer, 2007, Economic Sanctions Reconsidered
- 10.1080/03050620490492150 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00479.x · DOI
- Cameron, 2009, Microeconometrics Using Stata
- 2008, World Development Indicators 2008
- 10.2307/2111070 · DOI
- 10.4135/9781412985611 · DOI
- 10.1353/lar.2006.0001 · DOI
- 10.1080/03050620210394 · DOI
- 10.1561/100.00008068 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0020818303571077 · DOI
- 10.1093/pan/6.1.1 · DOI
- Ray, 1995, Democracy and International Conflict. An Evaluation of the Democratic Peace Proposition
- O'Donnell, 1978, Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State, Latin American Research Review, 13, 3, 10.1017/S0023879100030661 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00370.x · DOI
- 10.1177/1065912909331428 · DOI
- 10.2307/2010357 · DOI
- Li, 2008, Foreign Direct Investment and Interstate Military Conflict, Journal of International Affairs, 62, 53
- 10.1080/03050620008434965 · DOI
- Vernon, 1998, In the Hurricane's Eye: The Troubled Prospects of Multinational Enterprises, 10.4159/9780674044661 · DOI
- 10.2202/1554-8597.1061 · DOI
- 10.1017/CBO9781139175050.003 · DOI
- Martin, 1992, Coercive Cooperation: Explaining Multilateral Economic Sanctions, 10.1515/9780691227825 · DOI
- 10.1111/0020-8833.00103 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00259.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1057/9781403915917_2 · DOI
- 10.1177/0022002707306811 · DOI
- Huntington, 1968, Political Order in Changing Societies
- Russett, 1993, Grasping the Democratic Peace. Principles for a Post–Cold War World
- 10.1177/0022002701045001003 · DOI
- 10.1017/CBO9780511549366 · DOI
- 2009, World Investment Report 2009: Transnational Corporations, Agricultural Production, and Development
- Klein, 2000, No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies
- Jensen, 2006, Nation-States and the Multinational Corporation: A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment
- 10.1177/106591299404700302 · DOI
- Gujarati, 2009, Basic Econometrics
- 10.1080/13876980802231123 · DOI
- 10.2307/2669353 · DOI
- Malesky, 2007, Twenty Years of Foreign Investment in Vietnam: Reviewing and Looking Forward, 147
- 10.1080/08853900490277341 · DOI
- 10.1093/jleo/16.2.334 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metadata
- Authors
- Biglaiser, G., & Lektzian, D.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Venue
- International Organization
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 531-551
- ISSN
- 0020-8183 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-5088
- OpenAlex
- W2107723060
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Organization (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Sanctions and International Relations
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › International Business and FDI
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Global Financial Crisis and Policies
- Keywords
- economic sanctions, foreign direct investment, US sanctions, outward foreign direct investment, divestiture, investor risk aversion, international capital flows
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
