The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Violence, the State, and a Chinese Muslim Ritual Remembrance
Abstract
This article discusses how contemporary Chinese Muslims in the city of Xi'an remember a massive conflict between Muslims and non-Muslims that devastated northwest China in the Tongzhi period (1862–74) of the Qing dynasty. Every year on the seventeenth day of the fifth lunar month, local Hui hold a series of mourning rituals for the Muslims who died at that time. They recount stories about these events during the ritual and in other settings. The author uses Bakhtin's concept of “social heteroglossia” to explore the discursive features of three accounts of the violence, arguing that Xi'an Hui memories of this past show the influence of state-sponsored ethnic policies, a religious model of Hui identity, and a less formally articulated collective sentiment (what Raymond Williams calls a “structure of feeling”) based on shared experience. The author discusses how these discourses are disseminated and which factors generate the “structure of feeling” that colors contemporary Muslim accounts of the Tongzhi period, and reflects on the consequences of Xi'an Hui internalization of the state's framework for ethnic identity.
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In the citing paper
“During the Qing dynasty, Han were trained from childhood to be cruel to Hui.Han were taught that Hui were useless.They were taught to look down upon the Hui (1025).”
From A Historical Narrative of Ethnic Conflict and Social Anarchy in Shaanxi: The Muslim Uprising 1862-1873 (2022) · cites this paper as Gillette (2008)
In the citing paper
“The guards used to ask the entering children what are they wearing on their feet.If they responded in standard Mandarin i.e. xie they were let enter and if they said the Hui slang for the shoes i.e. hai they were killed so it was a trick to identify (Gillette 2008).”
From A Historical Narrative of Ethnic Conflict and Social Anarchy in Shaanxi: The Muslim Uprising 1862-1873 (2022) · cites this paper as Gillette 2008
Citations
Cites
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Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers
Creighton, M. (1996) · Pacific Affairs · doi:10.2307/2760931 · Cited by 629
Muslim Chinese: ethnic nationalism in the People's Republic
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-4035 · Cited by 509
The Cambridge History of China. Volume 10: Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part I
Metzger, T. A. (1980) · Pacific Affairs · doi:10.2307/2756967 · Cited by 387
The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today.
Pieke, F. N., & Weiming, T. (1997) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.2307/3034421 · Cited by 362
Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China
Akiner, S., & Lipman, J. N. (2000) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/2652468 · Cited by 335
Memory, history, and opposition under state socialism
Watson, R. S. (1994) · Cited by 288
Between Mecca and Beijing: modernization and consumption among urban Chinese Muslims
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-5643 · Cited by 176
Bakhtin, M. M. (1994) · Cited by 169
The Chinese sultanate: Islam, ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in southwest China, 1856-1873
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-6702 · Cited by 144
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Chinese Imperialism, Ethnic Cleansing, and Military History, 1850-1877
Setzekorn, E. (2015) · Journal of Chinese Military History · doi:10.1163/22127453-12341278 · Cited by 15
Historical Ethnic Conflicts and the Rise of Islamophobia in Modern China
Qian, J. (2019) · Ethnopolitics · doi:10.1080/17449057.2021.2001954 · Cited by 12
Zhang, L., Zhang, D., Tang, Z., Qi, Y., & Wang, M. (2025) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15244517 · Cited by 9
Qurrat ul Ain, A. (2022) · QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) · doi:10.21043/qijis.v10i1.8106 · Cited by 2
“Among the Western scholarship who worked on the Hui people of Northwest China, we find the names of Broomhall, Lipman, Israeli, Gladney, Dillon, and Maris Gillette.”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Gillette, M.
- Affiliations
- Haverford College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gillette, Maris
- ORCID
- Gillette, Maris
- Venue
- The Journal of Asian Studies
- Publisher
- Duke University Press
- Published
- 2008-07-23
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 03
- ISSN
- 0021-9118 (ISSN-L)
- 1752-0401
- OpenAlex
- W2043496103
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Asian Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › China's Ethnic Minorities and Relations
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Memory, violence, and history
- Keywords
- Hui people, Xi'an, collective memory, mourning rituals, Bakhtin, structure of feeling, ethnic identity, Qing dynasty, ethnic violence, oral narrative, religious identity
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Violence, the State, and a Chinese Muslim Ritual Remembrance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s002191180800123x
- The paper
- Gillette, M. (2008). Violence, the State, and a Chinese Muslim Ritual Remembrance. The Journal of Asian Studies. https://doi.org/10.1017/s002191180800123x