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Exploring the Covariation between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: A Genetic Analysis of the Effects of Age and Sex
Abstract
Self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms in children and adolescents have been shown to be heritable, and are also highly correlated. Furthermore, there have been indications in the literature of sex and age differences in the aetiologies of these two types of symptoms. This study set out to ascertain to what extent the genetic and environmental factors that influence anxiety symptoms also influence depression symptoms, and whether these are the same in children and adolescents, and males and females. Four hundred and ninety pairs of twins aged 8 to 16 years completed the Children's Depression Inventory and the Trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. There were significant effects of age and sex on the variance in and covariance between these two types of symptom. Bivariate genetic analyses of the measures indicated that the genetic influences on anxiety and depression were shared for all four groups, a finding that has been consistently demonstrated for adults.
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Cited by
Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders as Predictors of Young Adult Disorders
Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.85 · Cited by 844
Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life
Rutter, M., Kim‐Cohen, J., & Maughan, B. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01614.x · Cited by 824
Psychosocial implications of poor motor coordination in children and adolescents
Skinner, R. A., & Piek, J. P. (2001) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(01)00029-x · Cited by 638
Goodman, S. H. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091401 · Cited by 609
Bergen, S. E., Gardner, C. O., & Kendler, K. S. (2007) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.10.3.423 · Cited by 461
Metadata
- Authors
- Eley, T. C., & Stevenson, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1273-1282
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2166102513
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Eley, T. C., & Stevenson, J. (1999). Exploring the Covariation between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: A Genetic Analysis of the Effects of Age and Sex. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021963099004734
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