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Cited by 202Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanismsFluid Dynamics and Vibration AnalysisMicro and Nano Robotics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Symmetry breaking leads to forward flapping flight

VANDENBERGHE, NICOLAS, ZHANG, JUN, CHILDRESS, STEPHEN·2004·Journal of Fluid Mechanics
DOI 10.1017/s0022112004008468
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Abstract

Flapping flight is ubiquitous in Nature, yet cilia and flagella, not wings, prevail in the world of micro-organisms. This paper addresses this dichotomy. We investigate experimentally the dynamics of a wing, flapped up and down and free to move horizontally. The wing begins to move forward spontaneously as a critical frequency is exceeded, indicating that ‘flapping flight’ occurs as a symmetry-breaking bifurcation from a pure flapping state with no horizontal motion. A dimensionless parameter, the Reynolds number based on the flapping frequency, characterizes the point of bifurcation. Above this bifurcation, we observe that the forward speed increases linearly with the flapping frequency. Visualization of the flow field around the heaving and plunging foil shows a symmetric pattern below transition. Above threshold, an inverted von Kármán vortex street is observed in the wake of the wing. The results of our model experiment, namely the critical Reynolds number and the behaviour above threshold, are consistent with observations of the flapping-based locomotion of swimming and flying animals.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1017/s0022112004008468

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21 of 21 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Metadata

Authors
VANDENBERGHE, N., ZHANG, J., & CHILDRESS, S.
Affiliations
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2004-04-28
Volume
506
Pages
147-155
ISSN
  • 0022-1120 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7645
DOI
10.1017/s0022112004008468
OpenAlex
W2056318256
Cited by
202
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 7
FWCI
9.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Journal of Fluid Mechanics (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Micro and Nano Robotics
Keywords
flapping flight, symmetry breaking, bifurcation, critical Reynolds number, Karman vortex street, cilia and flagella, flapping locomotion

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