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Sex differences in subclinical and DSM-IV pathological gambling: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Abstract
Background. To examine sex differences in DSM-IV subclinical and pathological gambling in nationally representative data of the US population. Method. Data come from a large (n=43093) representative sample of the adult US population. Results. The lifetime prevalence rate of DSM-IV pathological gambling was 0·64% (95% CI 0·50–0·78) for men and 0·23% (95% CI 0·17–0·29) for women, whereas the lifetime prevalence of subclinical pathological gambling was 6·79% (95% CI 6·32–7·26) for men and 3·26% (95% CI 2·93–3·59) for women. For subclinical pathological gambling, men were significantly (p<0·01) more likely than women to have smoked more than two packs of cigarettes a day, to be classified as heavy drinkers and to have lifetime diagnoses of alcohol and drug use disorders. Women with subclinical and pathological gambling were significantly more likely than men to have lifetime mood and anxiety disorders. With respect to pathological gambling, women had later ages of onset of the disorder, and were significantly more likely than men to report gambling to relieve depressed mood and to prefer casino gambling. Rates of treatment-seeking for DSM-IV pathological gambling were low for both men and women. Conclusions. There are important sex differences in the prevalence, symptom pattern, sociodemographic and clinical correlates and course of DSM-IV subclinical and pathological gambling. Results underscore the need to investigate sex differences in the social determinants, neurobiology and treatment response of DSM-IV subclinical and pathological gambling.
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“Additionally, the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders in females with clinical gambling involvement (61.93%) is much greater than that observed for women in the general population (30%) (Blanco, Hasin, Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2006; J. E. Grant et al., 2006; Kessler et al., 2005).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Blanco, Hasin, Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2006
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Metadata
- Authors
- BLANCO, C., HASIN, D. S., PETRY, N., STINSON, F. S., & GRANT, B. F.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- UConn Health (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-05-02
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 943-953
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W1992338801
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 10.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (5p50aa003510-27)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K05AA014223, P50- AA03510)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060417, R01 MH60417)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA014618, R03-5R03DA15559, K23-DA00482, R01-DA14618, R01-DA13444, P50DA009241, R01DA016855, K23DA000482, P50-DA-0-9241, R01DA013444, R03DA015559)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- gambling addiction, sex differences, prevalence, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcoholism, drug use disorders, heavy drinking, cigarette smoking, age of onset, treatment seeking, casino gambling, NESARC
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Demography, Female, Gambling, Humans, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Sex Characteristics, Tobacco Use Disorder, United States, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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