Cited by 149Schizophrenia research and treatmentHealth disparities and outcomesUrban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies

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Testing the association between the incidence of schizophrenia and social capital in an urban area

Kirkbride, J. B., Boydell, J., Ploubidis, G. B., Morgan, C., Dazzan, P., McKenzie, K., Murray, R. M., Jones, P. B.·2008·Psychological Medicine

DOI 10.1017/s0033291707002085

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Abstract

Background: Social capital has been considered aetiologically important in schizophrenia but the empirical evidence to support this hypothesis is absent. We tested whether social capital, measured at the neighbourhood level, was associated with the incidence of schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20). Method: We administered a cross-sectional questionnaire on social capital to 5% of the adult population in 33 neighbourhoods (wards) in South London (n=16 459). The questionnaire contained items relating to two social capital constructs: social cohesion and trust (SC&T) and social disorganization (SocD). Schizophrenia incidence rates, estimated using data from the Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses (AESOP) study, provided the outcome. We used multi-level Poisson regression to test our hypothesis while controlling for individual- and neighbourhood-level characteristics. Results: We identified 148 cases during 565 576 person-years at-risk. Twenty-six per cent of the variation in incidence rates was attributable to neighbourhood-level characteristics. Response from the social capital survey was 25.7%. The association between SC&T and schizophrenia was U-shaped. Compared with neighbourhoods with medial levels of SC&T, incidence rates were significantly higher in neighbourhoods with low [incidence rates ratio (IRR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–3.3] and high (IRR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3–4.8) levels of SC&T, independent of age, sex, ethnicity, ethnic density, ethnic fragmentation and socio-economic deprivation. Conclusion: Neighbourhood variation in SC&T was non-linearly associated with the incidence of schizophrenia within an urban area. Neighbourhoods with low SC&T may fail to mediate social stress whereas high SC&T neighbourhoods may have greater informal social control or may increase the risk of schizophrenia for residents excluded from accessing available social capital.

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Authors: Kirkbride, J. B., Boydell, J., Ploubidis, G. B., Morgan, C., Dazzan, P., McKenzie, K., Murray, R. M., & Jones, P. B.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
King's College London (GB)
University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Kirkbride, J. B.
ORCID: Kirkbride, J. B.
Ploubidis, G. B.
Morgan, C.
Dazzan, P.
McKenzie, K.
Murray, R. M.
Jones, P. B.
Venue: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2007-11-08
Volume: 38
Issue: 8
Pages: 1083-1094
ISSN: 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
1469-8978
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291707002085
OpenAlex: W2135546289
Cited by: 149
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 4.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Stanley Medical Research Institute
Wellcome Trust
Medical Research Council
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Keywords: schizophrenia incidence, social capital, social cohesion, social trust, social disorganization, neighbourhood variation, urban neighborhoods, social stress, informal social control, ethnic fragmentation, socioeconomic deprivation, South London
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Catchment Area, Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, England, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Incidence, Prevalence

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Testing the association between the incidence of schizophrenia and social capital in an urban area

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