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Cited by 153Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A prospective examination of Axis I psychiatric disorders in the first 5 years following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

Alway, Y., Gould, K. R., Johnston, L., McKenzie, D., Ponsford, J.·2016·Psychological Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s0033291715002986
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Abstract

Background: Psychiatric disorders commonly emerge during the first year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is not clear whether these disorders soon remit or persist for long periods post-injury. This study aimed to examine, prospectively: (1) the frequency, (2) patterns of co-morbidity, (3) trajectory, and (4) risk factors for psychiatric disorders during the first 5 years following TBI. Method: Participants were 161 individuals (78.3% male) with moderate (31.2%) or severe (68.8%) TBI. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, administered soon after injury and 3, 6 and 12 months, and 2, 3, 4 and 5 years post-injury. Disorder frequencies and generalized estimating equations were used to identify temporal relationships and risk factors. Results: In the first 5 years post-injury, 75.2% received a psychiatric diagnosis, commonly emerging within the first year (77.7%). Anxiety, mood and substance-use disorders were the most common diagnostic classes, often presenting co-morbidly. Many (56.5%) experienced a novel diagnostic class not present prior to injury. Disorder frequency ranged between 61.8 and 35.6% over time, decreasing by 27% [odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.83] with each year post-injury. Anxiety disorders declined significantly over time (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63–0.84), whilst mood and substance-use disorder rates remained stable. The strongest predictors of post-injury disorder were pre-injury disorder (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.41–4.25) and accident-related limb injury (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.03–3.07). Conclusions: Findings suggest the first year post-injury is a critical period for the emergence of psychiatric disorders. Disorder frequency declines thereafter, with anxiety disorders showing greater resolution than mood and substance-use disorders.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. 2000, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  2. First, 2002, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-Patient Edition (SCID-I/NP)

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Metadata

Authors
Alway, Y., Gould, K. R., Johnston, L., McKenzie, D., & Ponsford, J.
Affiliations
Epworth Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author
Alway, Y.
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2016-02-12
Volume
46
Issue
6
Pages
1331-1341
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/s0033291715002986
OpenAlex
W2326987135
Cited by
153
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3
FWCI
12.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Transport Accident Commission
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, psychiatric comorbidity, Axis I psychiatric disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance use disorders, risk factors, extremity injuries
MeSH terms
Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Australia, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Comorbidity, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

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