State formation in Judah: biblical tradition, modern historical theories, and radiometric dates at Khirbet Qeiyafa.
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During the past 30 yr, the biblical narrative relating to the establishment of a kingdom in Judah has been much debated. Were David and Solomon historical rulers of an urbanized state-level society in the early 10th century BC, or was this level of social development reached only at the end of the 8th century BC, 300 yr later? Recent excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa, the first early Judean city to be dated by radiocarbon, clearly indicate a well-planned, fortified city in Judah as early as the late 11th to early 10th centuries BC. This new data has far-reaching implications for archaeology, history, and biblical studies.
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The results for Strata 9 and 8 fit acceptably with 14C results from transitional Iron I/IIA strata at other sites in the same region: Khirbet Qeiyafa, Khirbet al-Rai (Level VII) and Beth Shemesh (Level 4).
“The results for Strata 9 and 8 fit acceptably with 14C results from transitional Iron I/IIA strata at other sites in the same region: Khirbet Qeiyafa [91, 109, 110], Khirbet al-Rai (Level VII) [91] and Beth Shemesh (Level 4) [106, 107].”
From The chronology of Gezer from the end of the late bronze age to iron age II: A meeting point for radiocarbon, archaeology egyptology and the Bible (2023) · cites this paper as [109]
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<sup>14</sup>C Dates and the Iron Age Chronology of Israel: A Response
Mazar, A., & Bronk Ramsey, C. (2008) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033506 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
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Webster, L. C., Wolff, S. R., Ortiz, S. M., Barbosa, M., Coyle, C., Arbino, G. P., Dee, M. W., Hua, Q., & Jacobsen, G. E. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293119 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Garfinkel, Y., Streit, K., Ganor, S., & Hasel, M. G.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Southern Adventist University (US)
- ORCID
- Streit, Katharina
- Venue
- Radiocarbon
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 359-369
- ISSN
- 0033-8222 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-5755
- OpenAlex
- W1826808445
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 47.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Radiocarbon (publishedVersion)
- UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Geographic Society
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient Near East History
- Keywords
- state formation, Khirbet Qeiyafa, Judah, David and Solomon, biblical chronology, radiocarbon dating, fortified towns, urbanization, 10th century BC, 11th century BC
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