The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Size matters: Early vocabulary as a predictor of language and literacy competence
Abstract
This paper investigated the predictive ability of expressive vocabulary size and lexical composition at age 2 on later language and literacy skills from ages 3 through 11. Multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to compare 16 language and literacy outcomes between children with large expressive vocabulary size at 24 months (N= 1,073) and those with smaller expressive vocabulary size. Comparisons between large and small verb size groups as a measure of lexical composition were also conducted. Our findings indicate that, after controlling for gender, birth order, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, total vocabulary size at age 2 can significantly predict subsequent language and literacy achievement up to fifth grade. Moreover, vocabulary size is a better predictor of later language ability than lexical composition.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Wagner, R. K., Torgesen, J. K., Rashotte, C. A., Hecht, S. A., Barker, T. A., Burgess, S. R., Donahue, J., & Garon, T. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.3.468 · Cited by 1,077
Tsao, F.-M., Liu, H.-M., & Kuhl, P. K. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00726.x · Cited by 588
The Relation of Child Care to Cognitive and Language Development
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network (2000) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00202 · Cited by 530
Improving the Positive Predictive Value of Screening for Developmental Language Disorder
Klee, T., Pearce, K., & Carson, D. K. (2000) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jslhr.4304.821 · Cited by 114
Cited by
Do infant vocabulary skills predict school‐age language and literacy outcomes?
Duff, F. J., Reen, G., Plunkett, K., & Nation, K. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12378 · Cited by 346
Once Upon a Time: Parent–Child Dialogue and Storybook Reading in the Electronic Era
Parish‐Morris, J., Mahajan, N., Hirsh‐Pasek, K., Golinkoff, R. M., & Collins, M. F. (2013) · Mind, Brain, and Education · doi:10.1111/mbe.12028 · Cited by 335
The Neurocognition of Developmental Disorders of Language
Ullman, M. T., Earle, F. S., Walenski, M., & Janacsek, K. (2020) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011555 · Cited by 223
Fisher, E. L. (2017) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0310 · Cited by 138
“It Takes a Village” to support the vocabulary development of children with multiple risk factors
Baydar, N., Küntay, A. C., Yagmurlu, B., Aydemir, N., Cankaya, D., Göksen, F., & Cemalcilar, Z. (2014) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034785 · Cited by 86
Metadata
- Authors
- LEE, J.
- Venue
- Applied Psycholinguistics
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010-10-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-92
- ISSN
- 0142-7164 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1817
- OpenAlex
- W2111076280
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 12.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Size matters: Early vocabulary as a predictor of language and literacy competence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0142716410000299
- The paper
- LEE, J. (2011). Size matters: Early vocabulary as a predictor of language and literacy competence. Applied Psycholinguistics. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716410000299
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.