The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evaluation of Clostridium difficile in dogs and the household environment
Open accessAbstract
Clostridium difficile may be an emerging community-associated pathogen but little is known about its sources of exposure. This study evaluated C. difficile contamination in households and colonization of pets. C. difficile was isolated from 44/836 (5.3%) sites in 26/84 (31%) households. Ribotype 027 was the most common (25%) environmental strain. C. difficile was isolated from 14/139 (10%) dogs. Living with an immunocompromised individual was associated with C. difficile colonization in dogs. All toxigenic strains identified in pets have been isolated from humans in Ontario. C. difficile was isolated concurrently from dogs and the environment in four households, but in all cases canine and environmental ribotypes were different. C. difficile was relatively common in households, suggesting that exposure to this pathogen may be a regular event. There was no evidence that dogs are a significant source of household C. difficile contamination.
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“Multidrug-resistant bacteria of public health importance have been found in people and companion animals. 20,21”
From Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
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“pets owned by people with compromised immune systems are more likely to be colonized with Clostridium difficile than those owned by people with competent immune systems. 20”
From Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
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Loo, V. G., Poirier, L., Miller, M. A., Oughton, M., Libman, M., Michaud, S., Bourgault, A., Nguyen, T., Frenette, C. H., Kelly, M., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051639 · Cited by 1,962
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Clostridium difficilein Retail Meat Products, USA, 2007
Songer, J. G., Trinh, H. T., Killgore, G., Thompson, A. D., McDonald, L. C., & Limbago, B. M. (2009) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1505.081071 · Cited by 273
The distribution of Clostridium difficile in the environment of South Wales
Al-Saif, N. M., & BRAZIER, J. S. (1996) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00222615-45-2-133 · Cited by 269
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Self-citationClostridium difficilein Retail Ground Meat, Canada
Rodriguez‐Palacios, A., Staempfli, H. R., Duffield, T. F., & Weese, J. S. (2007) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1303.060988 · Cited by 255
Self-citationToxinotype VClostridium difficilein Humans and Food Animals
Jhung, M. A., Thompson, A. D., Killgore, G., Zukowski, W. E., Songer, G., Warny, M., Johnson, S., Gerding, D. N., McDonald, L. C., & Limbago, B. M. (2008) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1407.071641 · Cited by 212
Is Clostridium difficile-associated infection a potentially zoonotic and foodborne disease?
Rupnik, M. (2007) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01687.x · Cited by 184
Bacteriological evaluation of commercial canine and feline raw diets.
(2005) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 163
Self-citationMarks, S. L., Kather, E. J., Kass, P. H., & Melli, A. C. (2002) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02383.x · Cited by 150
Cited by
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The Changing Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infections
Freeman, J., Bauer, M. P., Baines, S. D., Corver, J., Fawley, W. N., Goorhuis, A., Kuijper, E. J., & Wilcox, M. H. (2010) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00082-09 · Cited by 838
Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Control
Marks, S. L., Rankin, S. C., Byrne, B. A., & Weese, J. S. (2011) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00821.x · Cited by 323
Self-citationClostridium difficile infection in the community: a zoonotic disease?
Hensgens, M. P. M., Keessen, E. C., Squire, M. M., Riley, T. V., Koene, M. G. J., Boer, E. D., Lipman, L. J. A., & Kuijper, E. J. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03853.x · Cited by 304
Diversity and Evolution in the Genome of Clostridium difficile
Knight, D. R., Elliott, B., Chang, B. J., Perkins, T. T., & Riley, T. V. (2015) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00127-14 · Cited by 303
Knetsch, C. W., Connor, T. R., Mutreja, A., van Dorp, S. M., Sanders, I. M. J. G., Browne, H. P., Harris, D. E., Lipman, L. J. A., Keessen, E. C., Corver, J., et al. (2014) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.45.20954 · Cited by 246
Metadata
- Authors
- WEESE, J. S., FINLEY, R., REID-SMITH, R. R., JANECKO, N., & ROUSSEAU, J.
- Affiliations
- Ontario Veterinary College (CA)
- Public Health Agency of Canada (CA)
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Corresponding author
- WEESE, J. S.
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Infection
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-12-02
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1100-1104
- ISSN
- 0950-2688 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-4409
- OpenAlex
- W2166800741
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Public Health Agency
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Keywords
- Clostridium difficile, dogs, household environment, environmental contamination, ribotype 027, immunocompromised patients, community-associated infections, zoonotic transmission, toxigenic strains, Ontario
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacterial Toxins, Carrier State, Disease Reservoirs, Dogs, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous, Environmental Microbiology, Feces, Female, Male, Zoonoses, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Clostridioides difficile
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