The DOI matches its Crossref record; 185 of the 185 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuropsychiatric applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation: a meta analysis
Open accessAbstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technology that allows for non-invasive modulation of the excitability and function of discrete brain cortical areas. TMS uses alternating magnetic fields to induce electric currents in cortical tissue. In psychiatry, TMS has been studied primarily as a potential treatment for major depression. Most studies indicate that slow-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) and higher frequency rTMS have antidepressant properties. A meta-analysis of controlled studies indicates that this effect is fairly robust from a statistical viewpoint. However, effect sizes are heterogeneous, and few studies have shown that rTMS results in substantial rates of clinical response or remission, and the durability of antidepressant effects is largely unknown. We review in detail rTMS studies in the treatment of depression, as well as summarize treatment studies of mania, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. We also review the application of TMS in the study of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and summarize studies of the safety of TMS in human subjects.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Zheng, X. M. (2000) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(00)00073-1 · Cited by 34
RetractedStatistical Methods for Meta-Analysis
Wasserman, S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,326
NON-INVASIVE MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX
Barker, A. T., Jalinous, R., & Freeston, I. L. (1985) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92413-4 · Cited by 4,460
Wassermann, E. M. (1998) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/s0168-5597(97)00096-8 · Cited by 2,293
Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation
Chen, R., Classen, J., Gerloff, C., Celnik, P., Wassermann, E. M., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L. G. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.5.1398 · Cited by 2,128 · cited 12×
“Several authors have suggested that the cellular mechanisms involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) subserve the effects that outlast the duration of the stimulation (Chen et al., 1997a ; Wang et al., 1996, 1999).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWeinberger, D. R. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800020020004 · Cited by 2,019
Reduction of Prefrontal Cortex Glucose Metabolism Common to Three Types of Depression
Baxter, L. R. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810030049007 · Cited by 1,320
Pascual-Leone, A., Rubio, B., Pallardó, F., & Catalá, M. D. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)01219-6 · Cited by 1,229
Ziemann, U., Lönnecker, S., Steinhoff, B. J., & Paulus, W. (1996) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410400306 · Cited by 1,137
Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression
George, M. S., Wassermann, E. M., Williams, W. A., Callahan, A., Ketter, T. A., Basser, P., Hallett, M., & Post, R. M. (1995) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199510020-00008 · Cited by 954
Cited by
O’Reardon, J. P., Solvason, H. B., Janicak, P. G., Sampson, S., Isenberg, K. E., Nahas, Z., McDonald, W. M., Avery, D., Fitzgerald, P. B., Loo, C., et al. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.018 · Cited by 1,910
Self-citationDefault mode network mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression
Liston, C., Chen, A. C., Zebley, B. D., Drysdale, A. T., Gordon, R., Leuchter, B., Voss, H. U., Casey, B. J., Etkin, A., & Dubin, M. J. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.023 · Cited by 763
Is there a future for therapeutic use of transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Ridding, M. C., & Rothwell, J. C. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2169 · Cited by 687
Grimm, S., Beck, J., Schuepbach, D., Hell, D., Boesiger, P., Bermpohl, F., Niehaus, L., Boeker, H., & Northoff, G. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.033 · Cited by 686
Brunoni, A. R., & Vanderhasselt, M.-A. (2014) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2014.01.008 · Cited by 669
Metadata
- Authors
- Burt, T., Lisanby, S. H., & Sackeim, H. A.
- Venue
- The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 01
- Pages
- 73-103
- ISSN
- 1461-1457 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5111
- OpenAlex
- W2038883174
- Cited by
- 503
- References
- 185
- FWCI
- 24.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Neuropsychiatric applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation: a meta analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s1461145702002791
- The paper
- Burt, T., Lisanby, S. H., & Sackeim, H. A. (2002). Neuropsychiatric applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation: a meta analysis. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1461145702002791
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.