Metal–Organic-Framework-Based Tandem Molecular Sieves as a Dual Platform for Selective Microextraction and High-Resolution Gas Chromatographic Separation of n-Alkanes in Complex Matrixes

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were employed to design tandem molecular sieves as a dual platform for selective solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and high-resolution gas chromatographic (GC) separation of target analytes in complex matrixes. An elegant combination of a ZIF-8-coated fiber for SPME with a ZIF-8-coated capillary for GC allows selective extraction and separation of n-alkanes from complex matrixes such as petroleum-based fuel and biological fluids. The proposed tandem ZIF-8 molecular sieves not only offered good enhancement factors from 235 (hexane) to 1212 (nonane), but also exhibited wide linearity with 3 orders of magnitude for the tested linear alkanes. The limits of detection for the linear alkanes ranged from 0.46 ng L(-1) (nonane) to 1.06 ng L(-1)(hexane). The relative standard deviations of retention time, peak area, peak height, and half peak width for five replicate determinations of the tested n-alkanes at 30 ng L(-1) were 0.02-0.26%, 1.9-8.6%, 1.4-6.0%, and 1.3-7.2%, respectively. The developed tandem ZIF-8 molecular sieves were further used for the determination of linear alkanes in petroleum-based fuel and human serum. The large diversity in structure and pore size allows various combinations of MOFs for designing an MOF-based tandem molecular sieve platform to achieve different selectivities in extraction and chromatographic separation and to solve headache problems in complex real sample analysis.