Advances in One-Pot Synthesis through Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis

Abstract

The borrowing hydrogen (BH) principle, also called hydrogen auto-transfer, is a powerful approach which combines transfer hydrogenation (avoiding the direct use of molecular hydrogen) with one or more intermediate reactions to synthesize more complex molecules without the need for tedious separation or isolation processes. The strategy which usually relies on three steps, (i) dehydrogenation, (ii) intermediate reaction, and (iii) hydrogenation, is an excellent and well-recognized process from the synthetic, economic, and environmental point of view. In this context, the objective of the present review is to give a global overview on the topic starting from those contributions published prior to the emergence of the BH concept to the most recent and current research under the term of BH catalysis. Two main subareas of the topic (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis) have been identified, from which three subheadings based on the source of the electrophile (alkanes, alcohols, and amines) have been considered. Then the type of bond being formed (carbon-carbon and carbon heteroatom) has been taken into account to end-up with the intermediate reaction working in tandem with the metal-catalyzed hydrogenation/dehydrogenation step. The review has been completed with the more recent advances in asymmetric catalysis using the BH strategy.