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Cited by 73Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsAntibiotic Resistance in BacteriaWastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal

Biological Mitigation of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Dissemination by Antioxidant-Producing Microorganisms in Activated Sludge Systems

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Ren, Chong-Yang, Wu, En-Ling, Hartmann, Erica M., Zhao, He-Ping·2021·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/acs.est.1c04641PMC PMC9529052
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Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is the principal mechanism of an evergrowing bacterial threat. Antibiotic residues in the environment are a major contributor to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics cause bacteria to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs; however, little is known about the mitigation of ARG dissemination through ROS removal by antioxidants. In this study, we examine how antioxidant-producing microorganisms inoculated in replicate activated sludge systems can biologically mitigate the dissemination of ARGs. Through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we showed that antioxidant-producing microorganisms could decrease the persistence of the RP4 plasmid and alleviate enrichment of ARGs ( sul1 ) and class 1 integrons ( intl1 ). Metagenomic sequencing identified the most diverse resistome and the most mutated Escherichia coli ARGs in the reactor that contained antibiotics but no antioxidant-producing microorganisms, suggesting that antioxidant-producing microorganisms mitigated ARG enrichment and mutation. Host classification revealed that antioxidant-producing microorganisms decreased the diversity of ARG hosts by shaping the microbial community through competition and functional pathway changes. Conjugative experiments demonstrated that conjugative transfer of ARGs could be mitigated by coculture with antioxidant-producing microorganisms. Overall, this is a novel study that shows how ARG enrichment and HGT can be mitigated through bioaugmentation with antioxidant-producing microorganisms.

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  • Antioxidant-producing microorganisms can mitigate ARG enrichment and dissemination by reducing ROS levels, limiting genetic mutations and plasmid-mediated ARG transfer.

    “Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidant-producing microorganisms can mitigate ARG enrichment and dissemination by reducing ROS levels, thereby limiting genetic mutations and plasmid-mediated ARG transfer in microbial communities [87,302].”

    From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [302]

    The Results and Discussion report a smaller antibiotic-induced rise in ROS in bioaugmented reactors, fewer mutated E. coli ARGs, and reduced conjugative transfer of the ARG-carrying RP4 plasmid. But the paper says bioaugmentation *may* reduce mutation by scavenging ROS and presents reduced oxidative stress as a hypothesis for the transfer result. The citing sentence overstates those proposed mechanisms as demonstrated causal effects. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Cited by

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Authors
Ren, C.-Y., Wu, E.-L., Hartmann, E. M., & Zhao, H.-P.
Affiliations
  • MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • Zhejiang University (CN)
Corresponding author
Zhao, He-Ping
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2021-10-07
Volume
55
Issue
23
Pages
15831-15842
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/acs.est.1c04641
PMC
PMC9529052
OpenAlex
W3203249899
Cited by
73
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10
FWCI
2.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (21836003, 32061133002)
  • Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (QAK201903)
  • Zhejiang Province (2020C03011, 2021C03171)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
Keywords
antibiotic resistance genes, bioaugmentation, activated sludge, reactive oxygen species, horizontal gene transfer, conjugative transfer, RP4 plasmid, sul1, class 1 integron, resistome, Escherichia coli, antibiotic residues
MeSH terms
Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antioxidants, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Genes, Bacterial, Sewage

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