The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Short-Circuited Closed-Cycle Operation of Flow-Electrode CDI for Brackish Water Softening
Abstract
While flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is an emerging desalination technology, reduction in water hardness using this technology has so far received minimal attention. In this study, treatment of influents containing both monovalent and divalent cations using FCDI was carried out with flow-electrodes operated in short-circuited closed-cycle (SCC) configuration. Divalent Ca 2+ cations were selectively removed compared to monovalent Na + with the selectivity becoming dominant when the FCDI unit was operated at lower current densities and hydraulic retention times. Results showed that SCC FCDI operation was much more energy-efficient for brackish water softening compared to operation in isolated closed-cycle (ICC) mode, particularly with implementation of energy recovery. This finding was largely ascribed to (i) charge neutralization of the flow-electrodes in SCC configuration and (ii) regeneration of the active materials to maintain pseudo “infinite” capacity during electrosorption. In addition, mixing of the flow-electrodes in SCC operation significantly inhibited pH excursion in the flow-electrode with resultant alleviation of calcium precipitation on the carbon surface.
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Citations
Cites
Desalination via a New Membrane Capacitive Deionization Process Utilizing Flow-Electrodes
Jeon, S.-I., Park, H.-R., Yeo, J.-G., Yang, S., Cho, C. H., Han, M. H., & Kim, D. K. (2013) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee24443a · Cited by 727
Cited by
Zhang, C., Ma, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., Wang, L., Li, T., & Waite, T. D. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06552 · Cited by 323
Self-citationEnergy Efficiency of Capacitive Deionization
Wang, L., Dykstra, J. E., & Lin, S. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b04858 · Cited by 292
Metadata
- Authors
- He, C., Ma, J., Zhang, C., Song, J., & Waite, T. D.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-07-27
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 9350-9360
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2883332896
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 8.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- He, C., Ma, J., Zhang, C., Song, J., & Waite, T. D. (2018). Short-Circuited Closed-Cycle Operation of Flow-Electrode CDI for Brackish Water Softening. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02807
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