The DOI matches its Crossref record; 88 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Toxicity of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants
Abstract
Use of legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), has been reduced due to adverse effects of these chemicals. Several novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), such decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), have been developed as replacements for PBDEs. NBFRs are used in various industrial and consumer products, which leads to their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment. This article reviews occurrence and fate of a select group of NBFRs in the environment, as well as their human exposure and toxicity. Occurrence of NBFRs in both abiotic, including air, water, dust, soil, sediment and sludge, and biotic matrices, including bird, fish, and human serum, have been documented. Evidence regarding the degradation, including photodegradation, thermal degradation and biodegradation, and bioaccumulation and biomagnification of NBFRs is summarized. The toxicity data of NBFRs show that several NBFRs can cause adverse effects through different modes of action, such as hormone disruption, endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, and behavioral modification. The primary ecological risk assessment shows that most NBFRs exert no significant environmental risk, but it is worth noting that the result should be carefully used owing to the limited toxicity data.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Novel brominated flame retardants: A review of their analysis, environmental fate and behaviour
Covaci, A., Harrad, S., Abdallah, M. A.-E., Ali, N., Law, R. J., Herzke, D., & de Wit, C. A. (2011) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.11.007 · Cited by 1,419
Brominated flame retardants in the Arctic environment — trends and new candidates
de Wit, C. A., Herzke, D., & Vorkamp, K. (2010) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.037 · Cited by 746
Levels and trends of polybrominated diphenylethers and other brominated flame retardants in wildlife
Law, R. (2003) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(03)00110-7 · Cited by 402
Occurrence of a Broad Range of Legacy and Emerging Flame Retardants in Indoor Environments in Norway
Cequier, E., Ionas, A. C., Covaci, A., Marcé, R. M., Becher, G., & Thomsen, C. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es500516u · Cited by 368
Law, K., Halldorson, T., Danell, R., Stern, G., Gewurtz, S., Alaee, M., Marvin, C., Whittle, M., & Tomy, G. (2006) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/05-500r.1 · Cited by 328
Shi, T., Chen, S.-J., Luo, X., et al. (2008) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.047 · Cited by 297
PBDE Concentrations in Women’s Serum and Fecundability
Harley, K. G., Marks, A. R., Chevrier, J., Bradman, A., Sjödin, A., & Eskenazi, B. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901450 · Cited by 280
Cristale, J., Katsoyiannis, A., Sweetman, A. J., Jones, K. C., & Lacorte, S. (2013) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.001 · Cited by 270
Zheng, X., Xu, F., Chen, K., Zeng, Y., Luo, X., Chen, S., Mai, B., & Covaci, A. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.006 · Cited by 212
Möller, A., Xie, Z., Sturm, R., & Ebinghaus, R. (2011) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.054 · Cited by 205
Cited by
Waste plastic management: Recycling and the environmental health nexus
Nafiu, S. A., Azeez, M. O., AlAqad, K. M., Olarewaju, T. A., Yerima, E. A., & Tanimu, A. (2025) · Cleaner Materials · doi:10.1016/j.clema.2024.100291 · Cited by 31
Marinello, W. P., Gillera, S. E. A., Han, Y., Richardson, J. R., St Armour, G., Horman, B. M., & Patisaul, H. B. (2023) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2023.112041 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Xiong, P., Yan, X., Zhu, Q., Qu, G., Shi, J., Liao, C., & Jiang, G.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-11-04
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 13551-13569
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2985784907
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 88
- FWCI
- 12.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Toxicity of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/acs.est.9b03159
- The paper
- Xiong, P., Yan, X., Zhu, Q., Qu, G., Shi, J., Liao, C., & Jiang, G. (2019). A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Toxicity of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03159
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
