Room-Temperature Strong Light–Matter Interaction with Active Control in Single Plasmonic Nanorod Coupled with Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals

Abstract

Strong light–matter coupling manifested by Rabi splitting has attracted tremendous attention due to its fundamental importance in cavity quantum-electrodynamics research and great potentials in quantum information applications. A prerequisite for practical applications of the strong coupling in future optoelectronic devices is an all-solid-state system exhibiting room-temperature Rabi splitting with active control. Here we realized such a system in heterostructure consisted of monolayer WS 2 and an individual plasmonic gold nanorod. By taking advantages of the small mode volume of the nanorod and large transition dipole moment of the WS 2 exciton, giant Rabi splitting energies of 91–133 meV can be achieved at ambient conditions, which only involve a small number of excitons. The strong light–matter coupling can be dynamically tuned either by electrostatic gating or temperature scanning. These findings can pave the way toward active nanophotonic devices operating at room temperature.