The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ammonia and Nitric Acid Demands for Fertilizer Use in 2050
Abstract
Access to nitrogen-based fertilizers is critical to maximize agricultural yield, as nitrogen is the most common rate-limiting nutrient. Nearly all nitrogen-based fertilizers rely on ammonia and nitric acid as feedstocks, and thus the demand for these chemicals is heavily dependent on the global population and food demand. Over the next three decades, the global population will continue to dictate the market size and value for ammonia and nitric acid, which consequently will have a significant impact on our energy infrastructure. Here, we discuss the potential for carbon-free electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction, nitrogen oxidation, and nitrate reduction to meet fertilizer manufacturing demands. We also explore various growth scenarios to predict the 2050 market size and value for ammonia and nitric acid. We highlight that if the current approaches for manufacturing ammonia and nitric acid remain constant, carbon emissions from the production of fixed fertilizer feedstocks could exceed 1300 Mt CO 2eq /yr, prompting a strong need for green alternatives.
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Beyond fossil fuel–driven nitrogen transformations
Chen, J. G., Crooks, R. M., Seefeldt, L. C., Bren, K. L., Bullock, R. M., Darensbourg, M. Y., Holland, P. L., Hoffman, B., Janik, M. J., Jones, A. K., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar6611 · Cited by 2,441
Current and future role of Haber–Bosch ammonia in a carbon-free energy landscape
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Self-citationCatalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia
Foster, S. L., Bakovic, S. I. P., Duda, R. D., Maheshwari, S., Milton, R. D., Minteer, S. D., Janik, M. J., Renner, J. N., & Greenlee, L. F. (2018) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-018-0092-7 · Cited by 1,633
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A rigorous electrochemical ammonia synthesis protocol with quantitative isotope measurements
Andersen, S. Z., Čolić, V., Yang, S., Schwalbe, J. A., Nielander, A. C., McEnaney, J. M., Enemark-Rasmussen, K., Baker, J. G., Singh, A. R., Rohr, B. A., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1260-x · Cited by 1,554
Enhanced Nitrate-to-Ammonia Activity on Copper–Nickel Alloys via Tuning of Intermediate Adsorption
Wang, Y., Xu, A., Wang, Z., Huang, L., Li, J., Li, F., Wicks, J., Luo, M., Nam, D.-H., Tan, C.-S., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.9b13347 · Cited by 1,380
Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction for Sustainable Ammonia Production
van Langevelde, P. H., Katsounaros, I., & Koper, M. T. M. (2021) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2020.12.025 · Cited by 1,378
Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate on Strained Ruthenium Nanoclusters
Li, J., Zhan, G., Yang, J., Quan, F., Mao, C., Liu, Y., Wang, B., Lei, F., Li, L., Chan, A. W. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.0c00418 · Cited by 1,108
Boron-Doped Graphene for Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction
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Cited by
Gas Evolution in Water Electrolysis
Kempler, P. A., Coridan, R. H., & Luo, L. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00211 · Cited by 289
Metadata
- Authors
- Lim, J., Fernández, C. A., Lee, S. W., & Hatzell, M. C.
- Venue
- ACS Energy Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2021-09-24
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3676-3685
- ISSN
- 2380-8195 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3204775553
- Cited by
- 523
- References
- 59
- FWCI
- 13.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Lim, J., Fernández, C. A., Lee, S. W., & Hatzell, M. C. (2021). Ammonia and Nitric Acid Demands for Fertilizer Use in 2050. ACS Energy Letters. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01614
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