The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Single-Step Method for the Isolation and Surface Functionalization of Cellulosic Nanowhiskers
Abstract
Surface modification of cellulosic nanowhiskers (CNW) is of great interest, especially to facilitate their use as polymer reinforcements. Generally, alteration of the surface chemistry is performed using multiple reaction steps. In contrast, this study demonstrates that the needed hydrolysis of amorphous cellulose chains can be performed simultaneously with the esterification of accessible hydroxyl groups to produce surface functionalized CNW in a single step. The reaction is carried out in an acid mixture composed of hydrochloric and an organic acid (acetic and butyric are both demonstrated). Resulting CNW are of similar dimensions compared to those obtained by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis alone; sizes are verified by multiangle laser-light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. However, narrower diameter polydispersity indices indicate that surface groups aid the individualization of the nanowhiskers (Px = 2.5 and 2.1 for acetic and butyric acid, Px = 3.0 for hydrochloric acid). More than half of the hydroxyl groups located on the CNW surface are substituted under the employed reaction conditions as determined by quantitative Fourier-transform infrared-spectroscopy. The resulting surface modified CNW are dispersible in ethyl acetate and toluene indicating increased hydrophobicity and thus are presumably more compatible with hydrophobic polymers when used as a reinforcing phase.
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Cites
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Structure and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose whiskers nanocomposite materials
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Cited by
Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites
Moon, R. J., Martini, A., Nairn, J., Simonsen, J., & Youngblood, J. (2011) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c0cs00108b · Cited by 6,756
Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications
Habibi, Y., Lucia, L. A., & Rojas, O. J. (2010) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr900339w · Cited by 5,980
Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials
Foster, E. J., Moon, R. J., Agarwal, U. P., Bortner, M. J., Bras, J., Camarero-Espinosa, S., Chan, K. J., Clift, M. J. D., Cranston, E. D., Eichhorn, S. J., et al. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c6cs00895j · Cited by 1,021
Cellulose nanocrystals and related nanocomposites: Review of some properties and challenges
Mariano, M., El Kissi, N., & Dufresne, A. (2014) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/polb.23490 · Cited by 933
Tingaut, P., Zimmermann, T., & Lopez-Suevos, F. (2010) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm901186u · Cited by 323
Metadata
- Authors
- Braun, B., & Dorgan, J. R.
- Venue
- Biomacromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-12-22
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 334-341
- ISSN
- 1525-7797 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4602
- OpenAlex
- W2007175244
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
