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Evidence for π−π Electron Donor−Acceptor Interactions between π-Donor Aromatic Compounds and π-Acceptor Sites in Soil Organic Matter through pH Effects on Sorption
Abstract
Elucidation of molecular-level interactions controlling the sorption of organic compounds in soils is of major theoretical and practical interest. Sorption of pi-electron donor compounds, pentamethylbenzene (PMB), naphthalene (NAPH), and phenanthrene (PHEN), in a number of soils was found to increase with decreasing pH in the range of approximately pH 2.5-7. This behavior could not be attributed to pH-dependent alteration of the hydrophobic character of humic substances, pi-H-bonding, interaction with mineral surfaces, interaction with black carbons, solute coplanarity, or pH effects on solute activity coefficient. No significant effect of pH was observed for non-pi-donor hydrophobic compounds, whether planar or not: trans-1,2-dichlorocyclohexane (DCCH), hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD), 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. The opposite pH effect was observed for 2-nonanol and 2-nonanone, which are non-pi-donors, but capable of H-bonding. Also, no pH-dependent sorption was observed between the pi-donor PHEN and alumina, a model inorganic surface. We propose that the pi-donor solutes interact with pi-acceptor sites in soil organic matter (SOM), including aromatic rings with multiple carboxyl groups, aromatic amines, or heteroaromatic amines. The pi-acceptor ability of such aromatic moieties would increase with protonation. pi-pi Interactions between PMB, NAPH, and PHEN, and model SOM acceptors, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTA), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid (NTA), and pyridine (PY) in methanol and methanol-water, were verified by the appearance of pH-dependent upfield 1H NMR chemical shifts induced by ring current effects. UV/vis spectra showed pH-dependent charge-transfer bands for various donors with NTA. No NMR shifts or charge-transfer bands were found for nondonor compounds paired with the model acceptors.
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Self-citationSigmund, G., Arp, H. P. H., Aumeier, B. M., Bucheli, T. D., Chefetz, B., Chen, W., Droge, S. T. J., Endo, S., Escher, B. I., Hale, S. E., et al. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c00570 · Cited by 137
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhu, D., Hyun, S., Pignatello, J. J., & Lee, L. S.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2004-07-16
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 4361-4368
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2042130743
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 6.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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