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Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Water by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Open accessAbstract
A method has been developed for the trace analysis of 15 pharmaceuticals, four metabolites of pharmaceuticals, three potential endocrine disruptors, and one personal care product in various waters. The method employs solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), using electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative modes. Unlike many previous LC-MS/MS methods, which suffer from matrix suppression, this method uses isotope dilution for each compound to correct for matrix suppression, as well as SPE losses and instrument variability. The method was tested in five matrices, and results indicate that the method is very robust. Matrix spike recoveries for all compounds were between 88 and 106% for wastewater influent, 85 and 108% for wastewater effluent, 72 and 105% for surface water impacted by wastewater, 96 and 113% for surface water, and 91 and 116% for drinking water. The method reporting limits for all compounds were between 0.25 and 1.0 ng/L, based on 500 mL of sample extracted and a final extract volume of 500 microL. Occurrence of the compounds in all five matrices is also reported.
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Citations
Cited by
Patel, M., Kumar, R., Kishor, K., Mlsna, T., Pittman, C. U., & Mohan, D. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00299 · Cited by 2,654
Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in U.S. drinking water
Benotti, M. J., Trenholm, R. A., Vanderford, B. J., Holady, J. C., Stanford, B. D., & Snyder, S. A. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es801845a · Cited by 1,681
Self-citationSui, Q., Huang, J., Deng, S., Yu, G., & Fan, Q. (2010) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.010 · Cited by 462
Pharmaceutical metabolites in the environment: Analytical challenges and ecological risks
Celiz, M. D., Tso, J., & Aga, D. S. (2010) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/09-173.1 · Cited by 339
Morsi, R., Bilal, M., Iqbal, H. M. N., & Ashraf, S. S. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136572 · Cited by 317
Metadata
- Authors
- Vanderford, B. J., & Snyder, S. A.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2006-09-22
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 7312-7320
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2017004306
- Cited by
- 457
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 19.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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