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Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater of the United States
Abstract
Four chlorinated solvents-methylene chloride, perchloroethene (PCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene (TCE)-were analyzed in samples of groundwater taken throughout the conterminous United States by the U.S. Geological Survey. The samples were collected between 1985 and 2002 from more than 5,000 wells. Of 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analyzed in groundwater samples, solvents were among the most frequently detected. Mixtures of solvents in groundwater were common and may be the result of common usage of solvents or degradation of one solvent to another. Relative to other VOCs with Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), PCE and TCE ranked high in terms of the frequencies of concentrations greater than or near MCLs. The probability of occurrence of solvents in groundwater was associated with dissolved oxygen content of groundwater, sources such as urban land use and population density, and hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The results reinforce the importance of understanding the redox conditions of aquifers and the hydraulic properties of the saturated and vadose zones in determining the intrinsic susceptibility of groundwater to contamination by solvents. The results also reinforce the importance of controlling sources of solvents to groundwater.
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Cited by
Huang, B., Lei, C., Wei, C., & Zeng, G. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.013 · Cited by 839
Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater
Stuart, M., Lapworth, D., Crane, E., & Hart, A. (2012) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.072 · Cited by 801
Yuan, S., Liao, P., & Alshawabkeh, A. N. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es404535q · Cited by 269
High-resolution metabolomics of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene
Walker, D. I., Uppal, K., Zhang, L., Vermeulen, R., Smith, M., Hu, W., Purdue, M. P., Tang, X., Reiss, B., Kim, S., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw218 · Cited by 107
Environmental contaminants and preeclampsia: a systematic literature review
Rosen, E. M., Muñoz, M. I., McElrath, T., Cantonwine, D. E., & Ferguson, K. K. (2018) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B · doi:10.1080/10937404.2018.1554515 · Cited by 74
Metadata
- Authors
- Moran, M. J., Zogorski, J. S., & Squillace, P. J.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2006-12-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74-81
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2033749297
- Cited by
- 463
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 18.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Moran, M. J., Zogorski, J. S., & Squillace, P. J. (2007). Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater of the United States. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es061553y
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