The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Behavior of Metallic Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant
Abstract
We investigated the behavior of metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) in a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) fed with municipal wastewater. The treatment plant consisted of a nonaerated and an aerated tank and a secondary clarifier. The average hydraulic retention time including the secondary clarifier was 1 day and the sludge age was 14 days. Ag-NP were spiked into the nonaerated tank and samples were collected from the aerated tank and from the effluent. Ag concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were in good agreement with predictions based on mass balance considerations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that nanoscale Ag particles were sorbed to wastewater biosolids, both in the sludge and in the effluent. Freely dispersed nanoscale Ag particles were only observed in the effluent during the initial pulse spike. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements indicated that most Ag in the sludge and in the effluent was present as Ag(2)S. Results from batch experiments suggested that Ag-NP transformation to Ag(2)S occured in the nonaerated tank within less than 2 h. Physical and chemical transformations of Ag-NP in WWTPs control the fate, the transport and also the toxicity and the bioavailability of Ag-NP and therefore must be considered in future risk assessments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials: Review of modeling and analytical studies
Gottschalk, F., Sun, T., & Nowack, B. (2013) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.003 · Cited by 1,092
Lu, J., Wang, Y., Jin, M., Yuan, Z., Bond, P., & Guo, J. (2020) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115229 · Cited by 380
Ma, R., Levard, C., Judy, J. D., Unrine, J. M., Durenkamp, M., Martin, B., Jefferson, B., & Lowry, G. V. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es403646x · Cited by 373
Gräfe, M., Donner, E., Collins, R. N., & Lombi, E. (2014) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.044 · Cited by 186
A functional assay-based strategy for nanomaterial risk forecasting
Hendren, C. O., Lowry, G. V., Unrine, J. M., & Wiesner, M. R. (2015) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.100 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaegi, R., Voegelin, A., Sinnet, B., Zuleeg, S., Hagendorfer, H., Burkhardt, M., & Siegrist, H.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-04-05
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3902-3908
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2006033584
- Cited by
- 765
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 29.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Behavior of Metallic Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/es1041892
- The paper
- Kaegi, R., Voegelin, A., Sinnet, B., Zuleeg, S., Hagendorfer, H., Burkhardt, M., & Siegrist, H. (2011). Behavior of Metallic Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es1041892
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
