The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Serum Concentrations of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Polybrominated Biphenyl (PBB) in the United States Population: 2003–2004
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) are chemicals known as brominated flame retardants. We have assessed the exposure status of the United States population to PBDEs and BB-153 and explored associations with demographic information, including participants' age, sex, and race/ethnicity. A total of 2,062 serum samples, from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 aged 12 years and older, were analyzed for PBDEs and BB-153; stratified and regression analyses were used to examine levels among demographic groups. The congener with the highest serum concentration was 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) [geometric mean 20.5 ng/g lipid]; followed by 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaBDE (BDE-153) [5.7 ng/g lipid]; 2,2',4,4',5-pentaBDE (BDE-99) [5.0 ng/g lipid; a value equal to the highest limit of detection for an individual sample]; 2,2',4,4',6-pentaBDE (BDE-100) [3.9 ng/g lipid]; BB-153 [2.3 ng/g lipid]; and 2,4,4'-triBDE (BDE-28) [1.2 ng/g lipid]. For BDE-47, we observed no significant difference in the least-squares geometric mean (LSGM) by sex, but with age we found both a linear decrease (p = 0.01) and a positive quadratic trend (p = 0.01). Its LSGM, 27.9 ng/lipid, in the 12-19 year olds decreased to 17.2 ng/g lipid in the 40-49 year group, and then curved upward to 20.4 ng/g lipid in the > or =60 years olds. Mexican Americans had the highest LSGM of BDE-47 (24.5 ng/g lipid), which was significantly higher than that of non-Hispanic whites (19.7 ng/g lipid, p = 0.01). Adults 60 years and older were twice as likely as adults 20-59 years old to have a serum BDE-47 concentration above the 95th percentile (p = 0.02). These data provide needed exposure assessment data for public health decisions.
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Cites
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Brominated flame retardants: cause for concern?
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Brominated flame retardants: a novel class of developmental neurotoxicants in our environment?
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. mothers' milk.
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Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in House Dust and Clothes Dryer Lint
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Weschler, C. J., & Nazaroff, W. W. (2008) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.052 · Cited by 850
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Meeker, J. D., Sathyanarayana, S., & Swan, S. H. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0268 · Cited by 835
Meeker, J. D., & Stapleton, H. M. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901332 · Cited by 696
Dishaw, L. V., Powers, C. M., Ryde, I. T., Roberts, S. C., Seidler, F. J., Slotkin, T. A., & Stapleton, H. M. (2011) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.005 · Cited by 393
Metadata
- Authors
- Sjödin, A., Wong, L.-Y., Jones, R. S., Park, A., Zhang, Y., Hodge, C., DiPietro, E., McClure, C., Turner, W., Needham, L. L., & Patterson, D. G.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-01-08
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1377-1384
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W1972427000
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 22.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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