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Cited by 96Membrane Separation TechnologiesWater Treatment and DisinfectionWastewater Treatment and Reuse

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Effects of Nanofiltration on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Precursor Removal and Speciation in Waters Containing Low Concentrations of Bromide Ion

Chellam, Shankararaman·2000·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/es991153t
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Abstract

A study was undertaken to determine trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) precursor removal by nanofiltration (NF). Cross-flow experiments were conducted with three NF membranes and six natural waters spanning total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in the range 3.3−13.1 mg/L and bromide ion concentrations in the range 0.5−2.3 μM. Permeate and feedwaters were analyzed for all nine HAA species containing bromine and chlorine. The rejection of THM and HAA precursors decreased with increasing feedwater recovery suggesting that the transport of these materials is controlled by molecular diffusion across the polymeric membranes rather than by physical sieving at membrane surfaces. Therefore, the maximum feedwater recovery in NF systems designed for disinfection byproduct control may be limited by deteriorations in permeate water quality in addition to fouling caused by precipitation of sparingly soluble salts. High rejections of TOC coupled to low removals of bromide ion by some NF membranes resulted in a shift toward more brominated THM and HAA species in permeate waters upon chlorination. Concentrations of selected highly brominated species are shown to increase upon NF under certain conditions. Empirical equations relating THM and HAA bromine incorporation factors in feed and permeate waters to pH, Br - /TOC, and Cl 2 /TOC ratios are also presented.

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Metadata

Authors
Chellam, S.
Affiliations
University of Houston (US)
Corresponding author
Chellam, Shankararaman
ORCID
Chellam, Shankararaman
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2000-03-30
Volume
34
Issue
9
Pages
1813-1820
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/es991153t
OpenAlex
W1966820654
Cited by
96
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI
11.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Membrane Separation Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
Keywords
nanofiltration, trihalomethane precursors, brominated disinfection byproducts, molecular diffusion, membrane rejection, chlorination, total organic carbon, natural waters, membrane fouling

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of Nanofiltration on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Precursor Removal and Speciation in Waters Containing Low Concentrations of Bromide Ion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/es991153t
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Chellam, S. (2000). Effects of Nanofiltration on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Precursor Removal and Speciation in Waters Containing Low Concentrations of Bromide Ion. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es991153t