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Electrochemical Treatment of 4-Nitrophenol-Containing Aqueous Wastes Using Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of aqueous wastes containing 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) using a boron-doped diamond thin-film electrode has been studied. Within the parameter ranges used (150−4000 mg of 4-NP dm -3, pH 2−12, 30−60 mA cm -2, 25−60 °C), the complete treatment of the organic waste was achieved. The maximum current efficiencies were obtained under kinetic control. On the basis of the results of voltammetric and galvanostatic electrolysis studies, a simple mechanistic model was proposed. The first stage in the treatment of 4-NP-containing aqueous wastes is the release of the nitro group from the aromatic ring. As a consequence, phenol or quinones are formed. These organic compounds are oxidized first to carboxylic acids (maleic and oxalic) and later to carbon dioxide. On the cathode, the reduction of the 4-NP to 4-aminophenol takes place. In alkaline media, this compound can be polymerized and transformed into a dark brown solid.
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Citations
Cited by
Direct And Mediated Anodic Oxidation of Organic Pollutants
Panizza, M., & Cerisola, G. (2009) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9001319 · Cited by 2,346
Martínez-Huitle, C. A., & Ferro, S. (2006) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/b517632h · Cited by 1,840
Application of diamond electrodes to electrochemical processes
Panizza, M., & Cerisola, G. (2005) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.023 · Cited by 773
Sirés, I., Garrido, J. A., Rodríguez, R. M., Brillas, E., Oturan, N., & Oturan, M. A. (2007) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.11.016 · Cited by 393
Electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment and resource reclamation
Feng, Y., Yang, L., Liu, J., & Logan, B. E. (2016) · Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology · doi:10.1039/c5ew00289c · Cited by 371
Metadata
- Authors
- Cañizares, P., Sáez, C., Lobato, J., & Rodrigo, M. A.
- Venue
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2004-03-31
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1944-1951
- ISSN
- 0888-5885 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5045
- OpenAlex
- W1990999457
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 19.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Cañizares, P., Sáez, C., Lobato, J., & Rodrigo, M. A. (2004). Electrochemical Treatment of 4-Nitrophenol-Containing Aqueous Wastes Using Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie034025t
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