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Mechanism of Gold Nanoparticle Formation in the Classical Citrate Synthesis Method Derived from Coupled In Situ XANES and SAXS Evaluation
Abstract
Although gold nanoparticles (GNP) are among the most intensely studied nanoscale materials, the actual mechanisms of GNP formation often remain unclear due to limited accessibility to in situ-derived time-resolved information about precursor conversion and particle size distribution. Overcoming such limitations, a method is presented that analyzes the formation of nanoparticles via in situ SAXS and XANES using synchrotron radiation. The method is applied to study the classical GNP synthesis route via the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid by trisodium citrate at different temperatures and reactant concentrations. A mechanism of nanoparticle formation is proposed comprising different steps of particle growth via both coalescence of nuclei and further monomer attachment. The coalescence behavior of small nuclei was identified as one essential factor in obtaining a narrow size distribution of formed particles.
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Citations
Cited by
Mechanisms of Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles in Solution
Thanh, N. T. K., Maclean, N., & Mahiddine, S. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400544s · Cited by 3,399
State of the art in gold nanoparticle synthesis
Zhao, P., Li, N., & Astruc, D. (2013) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.09.002 · Cited by 964
Fundamental growth principles of colloidal metal nanoparticles – a new perspective
Polte, J. (2015) · CrystEngComm · doi:10.1039/c5ce01014d · Cited by 746
Self-citationNanoadsorbents: Classification, Preparation, and Applications (with Emphasis on Aqueous Media)
Khajeh, M., Laurent, S., & Dastafkan, K. (2013) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400086v · Cited by 528
Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications of Bimetallic Nanoparticles of Noble Metals
Loza, K., Heggen, M., & Epple, M. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201909260 · Cited by 499
Metadata
- Authors
- Polte, J., Ahner, T. T., Delissen, F., Sokolov, S., Emmerling, F., Thünemann, A. F., & Kraehnert, R.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-02-03
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1296-1301
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W1966177413
- Cited by
- 668
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 16.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Polte, J., Ahner, T. T., Delissen, F., Sokolov, S., Emmerling, F., Thünemann, A. F., & Kraehnert, R. (2010). Mechanism of Gold Nanoparticle Formation in the Classical Citrate Synthesis Method Derived from Coupled In Situ XANES and SAXS Evaluation. Journal of the American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja906506j
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