Detailed Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on [Fe(EDTA)(O2)]3-: Electronic Structure of the Side-on Ferric−Peroxide Bond and Its Relevance to Reactivity

Abstract

A spectroscopic study of the Fe(III)−EDTA−peroxide complex using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), low-temperature absorption (LT-ABS), variable-temperature−variable-field (VTVH) magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopies is reported. Density functional (DFT) and INDO/S-CI molecular orbital (MO) calculations are used to derive an experimentally calibrated bonding scheme. The molecule is described as a 6-coordinate, mononuclear, high-spin ferric−peroxide complex with a side-on η 2 -FeO 2 arrangement. EPR spectroscopy shows that the zero-field splitting (ZFS) is negative with D = −1.0 ± 0.25 cm - 1 and E/D = 0.21. MCD and LT-ABS spectroscopies lead to the identification of at least six excited states below 35 000 cm - 1 . The lowest two are assigned as ligand field sextet→quartet transitions, and the remaining transitions have peroxide to iron ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) character. The polarization of the LMCT bands in the principal axis system of the D -tensor are derived by VTVH-MCD spectroscopy. The Fe−O and O−O stretching vibrations are observed at 459 and 816 cm - 1, respectively. rR excitation profiles are simulated to obtain excited-state distortions. The weak CT bands in the visible region mainly enhance the O−O stretch, whereas the UV band dominantly enhances the metal−ligand stretch and only weakly the O−O stretch. A normal coordinate analysis shows little mechanical coupling between the two stretches and gives force constants of 3.02 mdyn/Å for the O−O stretch and 1.56 mdyn/Å for the Fe−O stretch. MO calculations show that the bonding is dominated by a strong, covalent σ-bond formed between the Fe-d xy and peroxide- orbitals with little contributions from π- or δ-symmetry iron−peroxide interactions. A back-bonding interaction between Fe-3d and the peroxide-σ*-orbital that contributes to the weak O−O bond in oxyhemocyanin is not present in the Fe(III)−EDTA−peroxide complex. A calculation of the D -tensor from the INDO/S-CIS(D) wave functions gives good agreement with the experimental values and defines the orientation of the D -tensor in the molecular coordinate system. This allows the polarizations obtained from VTVH-MCD spectroscopy to be related to a molecular axis system and assists in band assignments. The negative D -value and the observed excited distortions are explained by the extensive anisotropic covalency of the FeO 2 σ-bond. Possible contributions of the electronic structure to the reactivity of non-heme iron enzymes are considered, and protonation of the peroxide ligand is proposed to lead to highly reactive species.