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N-Spirocyclic Quaternary Ammonium Ionenes for Anion-Exchange Membranes
Abstract
The development of cationic polymers for anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) with high alkaline stability and conductivity is a considerable challenge in materials chemistry. In response, we here present the synthesis and properties of N -spirocyclic quaternary ammonium ionenes (spiro-ionenes) containing 5- and 6-membered rings fused by central nitrogen cations. High-molecular weight and film-forming spiro-ionenes are successfully synthesized in cyclo-polycondensations of tetrakis(bromomethyl)benzene and dipiperidines under mild conditions. These polyelectrolytes show excellent thermal and alkaline stability with no degradation detected by NMR spectroscopy after more than 1800 h in 1 M KOD/D 2 O at 80 °C. Even at 120 °C, the spiro-ionenes display reasonable alkaline stability. Transparent and mechanically robust AEMs based on ionically cross-linked blends of spiro-ionene and polybenzimidazole reach OH – conductivities up to 0.12 S cm –1 at 90 °C. The current findings demonstrate that spiro-ionenes constitute a new class of alkali-stable anion-exchange polymers and membranes.
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Anion-exchange membranes in electrochemical energy systems
Varcoe, J. R., Atanassov, P., Dekel, D. R., Herring, A. M., Hickner, M. A., Kohl, P. A., Kucernak, A. R., Mustain, W. E., Nijmeijer, K., Scott, K., et al. (2014) · Energy Environ. Sci. · doi:10.1039/c4ee01303d · Cited by 2,051
Cited by
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells: Current status and remaining challenges
Gottesfeld, S., Dekel, D. R., Page, M., Bae, C., Yan, Y., Zelenay, P., & Kim, Y. S. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.010 · Cited by 895
Miller, H. A., Bouzek, K., Hnat, J., Loos, S., Bernäcker, C. I., Weißgärber, T., Röntzsch, L., & Meier-Haack, J. (2020) · Sustainable Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1039/c9se01240k · Cited by 785
Durability challenges of anion exchange membrane fuel cells
Mustain, W. E., Chatenet, M., Page, M., & Kim, Y. S. (2020) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee01133a · Cited by 677
Durability of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Li, D., Motz, A. R., Bae, C., Fujimoto, C., Yang, G., Zhang, F.-Y., Ayers, K. E., & Kim, Y. S. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee04086j · Cited by 601
Anion exchange polyelectrolytes for membranes and ionomers
Chen, N., & Lee, Y. M. (2021) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101345 · Cited by 445
Metadata
- Authors
- Pham, T. H., Olsson, J. S., & Jannasch, P.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-02-17
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2888-2891
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W2588293430
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 12.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Pham, T. H., Olsson, J. S., & Jannasch, P. (2017). N-Spirocyclic Quaternary Ammonium Ionenes for Anion-Exchange Membranes. Journal of the American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b12944
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