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Highly Efficient Multicolor Up-Conversion Emissions and Their Mechanisms of Monodisperse NaYF4:Yb,Er Core and Core/Shell-Structured Nanocrystals
Abstract
This paper comprehensively presents the highly efficient multicolor up-conversion (UC) emissions and related mechanisms of monodisperse NaYF 4:Yb,Er core (α- and β-NaYF 4:Yb,Er) and core/shell (α-NaYF 4:Yb,Er@α-NaYF 4 and β-NaYF 4:Yb,Er@α-NaYF 4 ) nanocrystals with controlled size (5−14 nm for α-phase nanocrystals and 20−300 nm for β-phase nanocrystals), chemical composition, and surface state. These nanoparticles were synthesized via a unique delayed nucleation pathway using trifluoroacetates as precursors in hot solutions of oleic acid/oleylamine/1-octadecene. With the naked eye and natural light the intense multicolor UC emissions (red, yellow, or green, without filters) can be observed in cyclohexane dispersions of as-prepared nanocrystals (1 wt %) excited by a 980 nm laser source (power density 1.22 W cm -2 ). On the basis of compositional optimization for β-NaYF 4:Yb,Er nanocrystals, the intensity ratio of green to red emission ( f g/r ) reaches ca. 30, the highest value to our knowledge. The highly efficient multicolor UC emissions were aroused from the controlled crystallite size, phase, and associated defect state. α-NaYF 4:Yb,Er and large β-NaYF 4:Yb,Er nanocrystals displayed a normal two-photon UC process excited by a 980 nm NIR laser, while small β-NaYF 4:Yb,Er nanocrystals showed an unusual partially three-photon process. Shell formation could remarkably decrease the surface defects and surface ligands influence and thus decrease the associated nonradiative decays. As a result, the core/shell-structured α-NaYF 4:Yb,Er@α-NaYF 4 and β-NaYF 4:Yb,Er@α-NaYF 4 nanocrystals exhibited greatly enhanced green emission intensity, f g/r, and saturation power with respect to their counterparts. The remarkable UC properties of the as-synthesized NaYF 4:Yb,Er core and core/shell nanocrystals demonstrate that they are promising UC nanophosphors of adequate theoretical and practical interest.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mai, H.-X., Zhang, Y.-W., Sun, L.-D., & Yan, C.-H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2007-08-24
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 13721-13729
- ISSN
- 1932-7447 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-7455
- OpenAlex
- W1972257266
- Cited by
- 633
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 13.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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