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Ultrafast Electrochemical Lithiation of Individual Si Nanowire Anodes
Abstract
Using advanced in situ transmission electron microscopy, we show that the addition of a carbon coating combined with heavy doping leads to record-high charging rates in silicon nanowires. The carbon coating and phosphorus doping each resulted in a 2 to 3 orders of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity of the nanowires that, in turn, resulted in a 1 order of magnitude increase in charging rate. In addition, electrochemical solid-state amorphization (ESA) and inverse ESA were directly observed and characterized during a two-step phase transformation process during lithiation: crystalline silicon (Si) transforming to amorphous lithium-silicon (Li(x)Si) which transforms to crystalline Li(15)Si(4) (capacity 3579 mAh·g(-1)). The ultrafast charging rate is attributed to the nanoscale diffusion length and the improved electron and ion transport. These results provide important insight in how to use Si as a high energy density and high power density anode in lithium ion batteries for electrical vehicle and other electronic power source applications.
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Citations
Cited by
Size-Dependent Fracture of Silicon Nanoparticles During Lithiation
Liu, X. H., Zhong, L., Huang, S., Mao, S. X., Zhu, T., & Huang, J. Y. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn204476h · Cited by 2,376
Self-citationNanowires for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Zhou, G., Xu, L., Hu, G., Mai, L., & Cui, Y. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00326 · Cited by 439
Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging for real-time monitoring of Li-ion batteries
Sathiya, M., Leriche, J.-B., Salager, E., Gourier, D., Tarascon, J.-M., & Vezin, H. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7276 · Cited by 312
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, X. H., Zhang, L. Q., Zhong, L., Liu, Y., Zheng, H., Wang, J. W., Cho, J.-H., Dayeh, S. A., Picraux, S. T., Sullivan, J. P., Mao, S. X., Ye, Z. Z., & Huang, J. Y.
- Venue
- Nano Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-05-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2251-2258
- ISSN
- 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6992
- OpenAlex
- W2087442711
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 33.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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