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Differential Effect of Mirror Manipulation on Self-Perception in Social Phobia Subtypes
Open accessAbstract
This study employed mirror manipulation to examine differences in self-perception between the DSM-IV subtypes of social phobia (social anxiety disorder). We asked 82 consecutively admitted patients with social phobia to record three positive and three negative characteristics about themselves. Sixty-three percent of them met criteria for a generalized subtype of social phobia (GSP). A random half of the total sample sat in front of a mirror before and during this task. Participants' responses were classified into either positive or negative self-statements concerning their bodily appearance, competence, and socially relevant or non-socially relevant personality characteristics. The mirror manipulation had a differential effect on self-perception in social phobia subtypes. The presence of a mirror led to more positive and negative self statements about bodily appearance, and to fewer negative self-statements about socially-relevant personality characteristics in participants with GSP. In contrast, participants not meeting criteria for GSP responded to mirror exposure only with fewer negative self-statements about non-socially relevant personality characteristics. These results suggest that mirror exposure leads to fewer negative self-statements about private aspects of the self, concerning social situations, while it enhances public self-consciousness in individuals with GSP.
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During self-focused attention, individuals with social anxiety hold excessively negative self-images as true.
“when engaged in self-focused attention, individuals with social anxiety experience excessively negative self-images, which they believe are accurate (Hackmann, Suraway, & Clark, 1998; Hofmann & Heinrichs, 2003).”
From Changes in Decentering Across Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Hofmann & Heinrichs, 2003
The Discussion explicitly says the results are inconsistent with the notion that heightened self-focused attention automatically produces negative self-perception in people with social phobia. Under mirror exposure, participants with generalized social phobia made fewer, not more, negative statements about socially relevant characteristics. The paper does not establish that participants believed negative self-images were accurate. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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References 63 · Cited by 33
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Buss, A. H. (1986). Two kinds of shyness. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-related cognition in anxiety and motivation (pp. 65–75). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analyses (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- DiNardo, P. A., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Lifetime Version (ADIS-IV-L). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
- Gorden, C. (1968). Self-conceptions: Configurations of content. In C. Gorden & K. J. Gergen (Eds.), The self in social interaction (pp. 115–136). New York: Wiley.
- McGuire, W., & McGuire, C. V. (1980). Significant others in self-space: Sex differences and developmental trends in the social self. In J. Suls (Ed.), Social psychological perspectives of the self (Vol. 1, pp. 97–144). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Metadata
- Authors
- Hofmann, S. G., & Heinrichs, N.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hofmann, Stefan G.
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-142
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- PMC
- PMC1476698
- OpenAlex
- W1709029662
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R29MH057326)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- mirror exposure, self-perception, social anxiety disorder, generalized social phobia, self-statements, physical appearance, public self-consciousness, personality traits
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