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Performance on Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Subtests Sensitive to Frontal Lobe Function in People with Autistic Disorder: Evidence from the Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism Network
Abstract
Recent structural and functional imaging work, as well as neuropathology and neuropsychology studies, provide strong empirical support for the involvement of frontal cortex in autism. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a computer-administered set of neuropsychological tests developed to examine specific components of cognition. Previous studies document the role of frontal cortex in performance of two CANTAB subtests: the Stockings of Cambridge, a planning task, and the Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift task, a measure of cognitive set shifting. To examine the integrity of frontal functions, these subtests were administered to 79 participants with autism and 70 typical controls recruited from seven universities who are part of the Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism network. The two groups were matched on age, sex, and full-scale IQ. Significant group differences were found in performance on both subtests, with the autism group showing deficits in planning efficiency and extradimensional shifting relative to controls. Deficits were found in both lower- and higher-IQ individuals with autism across the age range of 6 to 47 years. Impairment on the CANTAB executive function subtests did not predict autism severity or specific autism symptoms (as measured by the ADI-R and ADOS), but it was correlated with adaptive behavior. If these CANTAB subtests do indeed measure prefrontal function, as suggested by previous research with animals and lesion patients, this adds to the accumulating evidence of frontal involvement in autism and indicates that this brain region should remain an active area of investigation.
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“Although not all studies have found EF deficits in ASD (13–15), impairments seem to be most profound and universal in the domains of cognitive flexibility, set shifting, and inhibition of prepotent responses (5,7,8,16,17).”
From The Neural Circuitry Mediating Shifts in Behavioral Response and Cognitive Set in Autism (2008) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, our findings are consistent with current views of executive dysfunction in autism as driven primarily by deficits in cognitive flexibility (17) and the ability to inhibit prepotent ongoing responses (5).”
From The Neural Circuitry Mediating Shifts in Behavioral Response and Cognitive Set in Autism (2008) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“However, Ozonoff and colleagues [36] reported difficulties with ED-shifts and not with ID-shifts in the largest autism study to date, which included a very well-characterized national sample of children with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome.”
From The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism (2009) · cites this paper as [36]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ozonoff, S., Cook, I., Coon, H., Dawson, G., Joseph, R. M., Klin, A., McMahon, W. M., Minshew, N., Munson, J. A., Pennington, B. F., Rogers, S. J., Spence, M. A., Tager-Flusberg, H., Volkmar, F. R., & Wrathall, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Denver (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ozonoff, Sally
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 139-150
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2034867225
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 8.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, frontal lobe function, prefrontal cortex, CANTAB, executive function, planning, set-shifting, adaptive behavior, autism severity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Autistic Disorder, Cognition, Computers, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Sex Factors
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