Spatial Associations in Number-Related Tasks: A Comparison of Manual and Pedal Responses
Abstract
Bimanual parity judgments of numerically small (large) digits are faster with the left (right) hand (the SNARC effect; Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993 ). According to one explanation, this effect is culturally derived and reflects ontogenetic influences such as the direction of written language; it might therefore be limited to, or at least be larger with, pairs of lateralized effectors which are instrumental to the production and comprehension of written language. We report two experiments which test for SNARC effects with pedal responses, and compare these effects to manual results. Pedal responses yielded highly systematic SNARC effects; furthermore, these effects did not differ from manual SNARC effects. These results argue against accounts in which the SNARC effect is specific for effectors that are habitually associated with the production or comprehension of written language.
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G*Power 3 can handle pure repeated measures designs without any between-subjects factors by choosing the Repeated measures: Within factors, ANOVA-approach procedure and setting the number of groups to 1.
“G*Power 3 can easily handle pure repeated measures designs without any between-subjects factors (see, e.g., Frings & Wentura, 2005;Schwarz & Müller, 2006) by choosing the”
From G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences (2007) · cites this paper as Schwarz & Müller, 2006
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References 38 · Cited by 69
- Authors
- Schwarz, W., & Müller, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Potsdam (DE)
- Venue
- Experimental Psychology
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-15
- ISSN
- 0949-3964 (ISSN-L)
- 1618-3169
- 2190-5142
- OpenAlex
- W2169670677
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
- Keywords
- SNARC effect, spatial-numerical association, handedness, cultural influences on cognition, number processing
- MeSH terms
- Association, Cognition, Female, Foot, Hand, Humans, Functional Laterality, Male, Mathematics, Movement, Reaction Time, Space Perception
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