Does Strategic Memory Training Improve the Working Memory Performance of Younger and Older Adults?
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The paper examines the effect of strategic training on the performance of younger and older adults in an immediate list-recall and a working memory task. The experimental groups of younger and older adults received three sessions of memory training, teaching the use of mental images to improve the memorization of word lists. In contrast, the control groups were not instructed to use any particular strategy, but they were requested to carry out the memory exercises. The results showed that strategic training improved performance of both the younger and older experimental groups in the immediate list recall and in the working memory task. Of particular interest, the improvement in working memory performance of the older experimental group was comparable to that of the younger experimental group.
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Carretti and colleagues reported that imagery strategy instruction for word lists improved performance on a subsequent word list recall task and on a WM task requiring semantic categorization.
“Carretti and colleagues reported that imagery strategy instruction for word lists improved performance on a subsequent word list recall task, and also on a WM task requiring semantic categorization of to-be-remembered words12.”
From The early effects of external and internal strategies on working memory updating training (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
The present results using the n-back paradigm align well with previous findings that explicit WM strategy instruction can be effective and that self-generated WM strategies are associated with higher task performance.
“The present results using the n-back paradigm align well with previous findings mainly from complex span studies that have indicated that explicit WM strategy instruction can be effective10–13, and that self-generated WM strategies are associated with higher task performance9,10,14–16.”
From The early effects of external and internal strategies on working memory updating training (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Earlier studies with WM strategy intervention have not explicitly reported results from power analyses.
“Earlier studies with WM strategy intervention have not explicitly reported results from power analyses10–13.”
From The early effects of external and internal strategies on working memory updating training (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Two previous studies reporting effect sizes have shown large effects (η2 range 0.18-0.27) with groups ranging from 27 to 79 participants.
“the two previous studies reporting effect sizes have shown large effects ( range 0.18–0.27) with groups ranging from 27 to 79 participants12,14.”
From The early effects of external and internal strategies on working memory updating training (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
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References 45 · Cited by 127
- Authors
- Carretti, B., Borella, E., & De Beni, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
- Venue
- Experimental Psychology
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 311-320
- ISSN
- 0949-3964 (ISSN-L)
- 1618-3169
- 2190-5142
- OpenAlex
- W2104503391
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- working memory, older adults, young adults, mental imagery, list recall, age differences, cognitive aging, memory strategies
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Teaching, Vocabulary
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