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Coronal mass ejections, interplanetary ejecta and geomagnetic storms
Abstract
Studies using SOHO spacecraft data have demonstrated that frontside halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detected by the LASCO coronagraphs generally precede geomagnetic storms. Nonetheless, about three quarters of such CMEs do not result in even moderate geomagnetic activity. We study the relationship of all the ejecta (interplanetary CMEs) which passed Earth during 1996–1999 to coronagraph CMEs and geomagnetic activity. We reach the following conclusions: (1) Only about half of frontside halo CMEs encounter the Earth; (2) The geoeffectiveness of ejecta depends strongly on the southward magnetic field strength and, for the same southward field, is irrespective of whether or not the ejecta has a magnetic cloud structure; (3) Transit speeds of ejecta to Earth are only loosely correlated with CME speeds, one influence being the prevailing solar wind conditions between the Sun and Earth; (4) Ejecta may be detected at Earth even when there is no preceding halo CME observed by LASCO. Such ejecta are not particularly geoeffective.
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“As marked in Fig. 6a in yellow, the diurnal oscillation of the dose rate is disturbed during the SEP event and the subsequent Forbush decrease which is caused by the impact of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (e.g., Cane et al. 2000, more details in Sect.4.1).”
From Radiation environment for future human exploration on the surface of Mars: the current understanding based on MSL/RAD dose measurements (2021) · cites this paper as Cane et al. 2000
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Research works printed but not linked: 14
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- Richardson I. G., 1999, Solar Wind Nine, 677
- Sheeley N. R., 2000, The detection of CME‐associated shock waves in the outer corona, J. Geophys. Res., 105
- 10.1029/1999JA000381 · DOI
- 10.1029/JA093iA08p08519 · DOI
- Webb D. F., 2000, The relationship of halo CMEs, magnetic clouds and magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 491
Cited by
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Guo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Hassler, D. M., Ehresmann, B., Rafkin, S., Freiherr von Forstner, J. L., Khaksarighiri, S., Liu, W., & Wang, Y. (2021) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-021-00136-5 · Cited by 73
“6a in yellow, the diurnal oscillation of the dose rate is disturbed during the SEP event and the subsequent Forbush decrease which is caused by the impact of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (e.g., Cane et al. 2000, more details in Sect.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Cane, H. V., Richardson, I. G., & St. Cyr, O. C.
- Affiliations
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- ORCID
- Richardson, I. G.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 3591-3594
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2072601930
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 8.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- coronal mass ejections, geomagnetic storms, geoeffectiveness, magnetic clouds, solar wind conditions, halo CMEs, LASCO coronagraph
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Coronal mass ejections, interplanetary ejecta and geomagnetic storms. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1029/2000gl000111
- The paper
- Cane, H. V., Richardson, I. G., & St. Cyr, O. C. (2000). Coronal mass ejections, interplanetary ejecta and geomagnetic storms. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl000111
