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Incompatible element ratios in oceanic basalts and komatiites: Tracking deep mantle sources and continental growth rates with time

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Condie, Kent C.·2003·Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
DOI 10.1029/2002gc000333
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Abstract

Ratios of elements with similar incompatibilities in the mantle can be used to characterize magma sources through time. Nb/Y and Zr/Y distributions in oceanic basalts support the existence of a long‐lived, deep depleted source in mantle. Zr/Y, Nb/Y, Zr/Nb, and Nb/Th ratios in oceanic basalts and komatiites suggest that depleted and recycled components, together probably with an enriched component, were present in the deep mantle by 3.5 Ga. Low Zr/Nb and Hf/Sm ratios and high La/Yb and Nb/Y ratios in some plume basalts and Al‐depleted komatiites may reflect majorite fractionation. High Zr/Nb ratios and low Nb/Y ratios in Archean Al‐undepleted komatiites may record partial melting of a Mg‐perovskite source in deep mantle plumes in which Mg‐perovskite crystallizes and accumulates in komatiite melts during ascent. Oceanic greenstone basalts show a gradual increase in the Nb/Th ratio with time with a relatively sudden increase at about 2 Ga. This trend is consistent with gradual continental growth and with a major episode of continental growth at 2.7 Ga. Nb/Th ratios in some Early Archean basalts may record extraction of up to 25% of the present volume of continental crust from the early upper mantle. An alternative explanation for the rapid increase in Nb/Th in oceanic basalts at 2 Ga is that a catastrophic 2.7‐Ga event in the mantle changed the composition or/and location of the primary volume of mantle from which continental crust was extracted.

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Metadata

Authors
Condie, K. C.
Venue
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2003-01
Volume
4
Issue
1
Pages
1-28
ISSN
1525-2027 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1029/2002gc000333
OpenAlex
W1667967001
Cited by
302
References
3
FWCI
3.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 13 d)

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