The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High‐latitude eruptions cast shadow over the African monsoon and the flow of the Nile
Open accessAbstract
Nile River records indicate very low flow following the 1783–1784 Laki volcanic eruption, as well as after other high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. As shown by climate model simulations of the Laki eruption, significant cooling (−1° to −3°C) of the Northern Hemisphere land masses during the boreal summer of 1783 resulted in a strong dynamical effect of weakening the African and Indian monsoon circulations, with precipitation anomalies of −1 to −3 mm/day over the Sahel of Africa, thus producing the low Nile flow. Future high‐latitude eruptions would significantly impact the food and water supplies in these areas. Using observations of the flow of the Nile River, this new understanding is used to support a date of 939 for the beginning of the eruption of the Eldgjá volcano in Iceland, the largest high‐latitude eruption of the past 1500 years.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Volcanic eruptions and climate
Robock, A. (2000) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/1998rg000054 · Cited by 2,806
Self-citationEuropean Seasonal and Annual Temperature Variability, Trends, and Extremes Since 1500
Luterbacher, J., Dietrich, D., Xoplaki, E., Grosjean, M., & Wanner, H. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093877 · Cited by 1,805
Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003
Stott, P. A., Stone, D. A., & Allen, M. R. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03089 · Cited by 1,735
Siebert, L., Simkin, T., & Kimberly, P. (2019) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520947931 · Cited by 1,256
Lacis, A. A., & Oinas, V. (1991) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/90jd01945 · Cited by 1,051 · cited 2×
“The radiation scheme utilizes correlated k-distribution with 15 noncontiguous spectral intervals in the shortwave and 33 intervals in the longwave [Lacis and Oinas, 1991].”
BackgroundMethodGlobal climate changes as forecast by Goddard Institute for Space Studies three‐dimensional model
Hansen, J. E., FUNG, I. Y., Lacis, A. A., Rind, D. H., Lebedeff, S. A., Ruedy, R. A., Russell, G. L., & Stone, P. (1988) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd093id08p09341 · Cited by 981
Schmidt, G. A., Ruedy, R. A., Hansen, J. E., Aleinov, I., Bell, N., Bauer, M., Bauer, S. E., Cairns, B., Canuto, V. M., Cheng, Y., et al. (2006) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli3612.1 · Cited by 903
Greenland ice sheet evidence of post-glacial volcanism and its climatic impact
Hammer, C. U., Clausen, H. B., & Dansgaard, W. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/288230a0 · Cited by 620
Atmospheric and environmental effects of the 1783–1784 Laki eruption: A review and reassessment
Thordarson, T., & Self, S. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2001jd002042 · Cited by 596
Self-citationThordarson, T., Self, S., Oskarsson, N., & Hulsebosch, T. P. (1996) · Bulletin of Volcanology · doi:10.1007/s004450050136 · Cited by 315
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- de Montredon M. M., 1784, Recherches sur l'origine et la nature des vapeurs qui ont régné dans l'atmosphère pendant l'été de 1783, Mem. Acad. R., 754
- Grattan J., 1999, Volcanoes in the Quaternary, 161
- Hammer C. U., 1984, Traces of Icelandic eruptions in the Greenland ice sheet, Jokuell, 34, 51
- Hassan F. A., 1998, Climatic change, Nile floods and civilization, Nature Resour., 34, 34
- Lamb H. H., 1977, Climate History and the Future
- Volney M. C.‐F., 1788, Travels Through Syria and Egypt, in the Years 1783, 1784, and 1785
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 211
Examining links between dust deposition and phytoplankton response using ice cores
Hooper, J., Mayewski, P., Marx, S. K., Henson, S., Potocki, M., Sneed, S. B., Handley, M. J., Gassó, S., Fischer, M. J., & Saunders, K. M. (2018) · Aeolian Research · doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2018.11.001 · Cited by 27
Moreland, W., Thordarson, T., Houghton, B. F., & Larsen, G. (2019) · Volcanica · doi:10.30909/vol.02.02.129150 · Cited by 24
Self-citationAssessing the impact of a future volcanic eruption on decadal predictions
Illing, S., Kadow, C., Pohlmann, H., & Timmreck, C. (2018) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-9-701-2018 · Cited by 24
Williams, M. A. J., Ambrose, S. H., van der Kaars, S., Rühlemann, C., Chattopadhyaya, U., Pal, J., & Chauhan, P. R. (2010) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.05.043 · Cited by 24
Schmidt, A., & Black, B. A. (2022) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-080921-052816 · Cited by 24
Heterogeneously hydrated mantle beneath the late Archean Yilgarn Craton
Ivanic, T., Nebel, O., Jourdan, F., Faure, K., Kirkland, C. L., & Belousova, E. A. (2015) · Lithos · doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2015.09.020 · Cited by 22
Halving of the northern wetland CH4 source by a large Icelandic volcanic eruption
Gauci, V., Blake, S., Stevenson, D. S., & Highwood, E. J. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jg000499 · Cited by 22
Realizing Consilience in Studies of Pre-Instrumental Climate and Pre-Laboratory Disease
Newfield, T. P., & Labuhn, I. (2017) · The Journal of Interdisciplinary History · doi:10.1162/jinh_a_01126 · Cited by 22
Lenferna, A., Russotto, R. D., Tan, A., Gardiner, S. M., & Ackerman, T. P. (2017) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1002/2016ef000504 · Cited by 19
Gabriel, I., Plunkett, G., Abbott, P. M., Behrens, M., Burke, A., Chellman, N., Cook, E., Fleitmann, D., Hörhold, M., Hutchison, W., et al. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6 · Cited by 26
“These harsh conditions documented across Europe coincide with a period of extreme annual low stand values of theriverNile(20ofthe52lowest5 th percentilesoccurredbetween750to790 CE) 70 (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialVolcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions
Fuglestvedt, H., Zhuo, Z., Toohey, M., & Krüger, K. (2024) · npj Climate and Atmospheric Science · doi:10.1038/s41612-023-00539-4 · Cited by 21
The 1780s: Global Climate Anomalies, Floods, Droughts, and Famines
Damodaran, V., Allan, R. J., Ogilvie, A. E. J., Demarée, G. R., Gergis, J. L., Mikami, T., Mikhail, A., Nicholson, S. E., Norrgård, S., & Hamilton, J. A. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-43020-5_34 · Cited by 17
Environmental Effects of Volcanic Volatile Fluxes From Subaerial Large Igneous Provinces
Mather, T. A., & Schmidt, A. (2021) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781119507444.ch4 · Cited by 17
Domínguez‐Castro, F., Gallego, M. C., Vaquero, J. M., Herrera, R. G., Peña‐Gallardo, M., Kenawy, A. E., & Vicente-Serrano, S. M. (2019) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-18-0236.1 · Cited by 16
NOAA POES and MetOp particle observations during the 17 March 2013 storm
Søraas, F., Sandanger, M. I., & Smith‐Johnsen, C. (2017) · Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2017.09.004 · Cited by 16
Yan, N., & Hsu, P. (2018) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.5704 · Cited by 16
Delrue, S., Abeele, K. V. D., & Matar, O. B. (2016) · Ultrasonics · doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2016.01.010 · Cited by 15
D’Agostino, R., & Timmreck, C. (2022) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac62af · Cited by 15
Earth's spin and volcanic eruptions: evidence for mutual cause‐and‐effect interactions?
Palladino, D. M., & Sottili, G. (2013) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/ter.12073 · Cited by 15
Natural Hazards, Landscapes and Civilizations
Leroy, S. A. G. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818234-5.00003-1 · Cited by 14
Hydroclimatic anomalies in China during the post-Laki years and the role of concurring El Niño
Gao, C., Yang, L., & Liu, F. (2021) · Advances in Climate Change Research · doi:10.1016/j.accre.2021.03.006 · Cited by 15
Li, M., Shen, H., Guo, Y., & Mengxiong, X. (2021) · Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108547 · Cited by 13
Hajimirza, S., Jones, T. J., Moreland, W., Gonnermann, H. M., & Thordarson, T. (2022) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2021gc010160 · Cited by 13
Self-citationBrugnatelli, V., & Tibaldi, A. (2020) · Bulletin of Volcanology · doi:10.1007/s00445-020-01409-0 · Cited by 13
Haywood, J., Boucher, O., Lennard, C., Storelvmo, T., Tilmes, S., & Visioni, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479 · Cited by 12
Yarker, M. B., PaiMazumder, D., Cahill, C. F., Dehn, J., Prakash, A., & Mölders, N. (2010) · The Open Atmospheric Science Journal · doi:10.2174/1874282301004010024 · Cited by 12
Nakahara, H., & Haney, M. M. (2015) · Geophysical Journal International · doi:10.1093/gji/ggv109 · Cited by 12
Large-magnitude fissure eruptions in Iceland: source characterisation
Loughlin, S. C., & Aspinall, W. P. (2012) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 12
Gil‐Guirado, S., Cantos, J. O., & Morales, A. P. (2020) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.6958 · Cited by 11
A Bayesian approach to historical climatology for the Burgundian Low Countries in the 15th century
Camenisch, C., Jaume-Santero, F., White, S., Pei, Q., Hand, R., Röhr, C., & Brönnimann, S. (2022) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-18-2449-2022 · Cited by 13
Kleemann, K. (2023) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110731927 · Cited by 12
Grapenthin, R. (2013) · Computers & Geosciences · doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2013.07.005 · Cited by 11
Haze, Hunger, Hesitation: Disaster aid after the 1783 Laki eruption
Wieners, C. (2020) · Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research · doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107080 · Cited by 10
Global Implications of the Middle Eastern Environment
Mikhail, A. (2011) · History Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2011.00811.x · Cited by 10
Climate effects of northern hemisphere volcanic eruptions in an Earth System Model
Meronen, H., Henriksson, S., Räisänen, P., & Laaksonen, A. (2012) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.011 · Cited by 10
Dependence of global monsoon response to volcanic eruptions on the background oceanic states
Zuo, M., Man, W., & Zhou, T. (2021) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-20-0891.1 · Cited by 9
Ludlow, F., & Manning, J. G. (2021) · Palgrave studies in ancient economies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81103-7_10 · Cited by 10
Topography scale effects on groundwater-surface water exchange fluxes in a Canadian Shield setting
Snowdon, A. P., Sykes, J. F., & Normani, S. D. (2020) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124772 · Cited by 9
Arthur, F., Hatlestad, K., Lindholm, K., Loftsgarden, K., Löwenborg, D., Solheim, S., Roche, D. M., & Renssen, H. (2024) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/09596836231225718 · Cited by 10
Wang, T., Miao, J., Wang, H., & Sun, J. (2021) · 气象学报:英文版 · doi:10.1007/s13351-021-0160-9 · Cited by 7
Spatial and temporal distribution of large volcanic eruptions from 1750 to 2010
Hao, Z., Wang, H., & Zheng, J. (2014) · Journal of Geographical Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11442-014-1138-7 · Cited by 7
When the well runs dry: climatic instability and the abandonment of early Hellenistic Berenike
Woźniak, M., & Harrell, J. A. (2021) · Antiquity · doi:10.15184/aqy.2021.16 · Cited by 6
Villamayor, J., Khodri, M., Fang, S., Jungclaus, J. H., Timmreck, C., & Zanchettin, D. (2023) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2022gl101478 · Cited by 9
Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022
Bao, Y., Song, Y., Shu, Q., He, Y., & Qiao, F. (2023) · Ocean Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102258 · Cited by 6
Disparate impacts of the Eldgjá and Laki flood-lava eruptions
Morison, C. A. G., Oppenheimer, C., Thordarson, T., Newton, A., Moreland, W., & Dugmore, A. (2024) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/09596836241254478 · Cited by 7
Self-citation13.12 Natural Hazards, Landscapes, and Civilizations
Leroy, S. A. G. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00355-9 · Cited by 6
Recent advances and future avenues in examining the impacts of volcanic aerosols on climate
Zhou, T., Zuo, M., & Man, W. (2023) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2023-0140 · Cited by 6
The Role of Volcanic Activity in Climate and Global Change
Stenchikov, G. L. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53301-2.00004-x · Cited by 6
Self-citationZheng, Y., Duan, J., & Ma, Z. (2021) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.7050 · Cited by 5
Volatile release from flood basalt eruptions: understanding the potential environmental effects
Self, S., Glaze, L. S., Schmidt, A., & Mather, T. A. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415683.014 · Cited by 5
Revisiting the 10th‐Century Eldgjá Eruption: Modeling the Climatic and Environmental Impacts
Fuglestvedt, H., Gabriel, I., Sigl, M., Thordarson, T., & Krüger, K. (2024) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2024gl110507 · Cited by 7
Self-citationBacon, K. L., Haworth, M., & McElwain, J. C. (2021) · International Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.1086/714279 · Cited by 4
Talento, S., Osborn, T. J., Joshi, M., Ratna, S. B., & Luterbacher, J. (2020) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-020-05210-9 · Cited by 4
Volcanism, the atmosphere and climate through time
Schmidt, A., & Robock, A. D. (2015) · doi:10.1007/9781107415683.014 · Cited by 4
Self-citationMODELING KEY PROCESSES CAUSING CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY
Henriksson, S. (2013) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 4
Femeena, P. V., & Brennan, R. A. (2025) · Agriculture & Food Security · doi:10.1186/s40066-025-00527-2 · Cited by 4
Reconstructing the Nile: climate, agriculture, and socio-economic change in Roman Egypt
Huebner, S. R. (2025) · Journal of Ancient History · doi:10.1515/jah-2025-0013 · Cited by 3
Time reversal for elastic scatterer location from acoustic recording
Assous, F., & Lin, M. (2020) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109786 · Cited by 3
Schmidt, A. (2013) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34839-6_1 · Cited by 3
Hydrological Science and Its Connection to Religion in Ancient Egypt under the Pharaohs
Elíasson, J. (2013) · Advances in Historical Studies · doi:10.4236/ahs.2013.23019 · Cited by 3
Economy, Environment, and Technology
Howell, D. L. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108283748.010 · Cited by 3
The Middle East in Global Environmental History
Mikhail, A. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118279519.ch10 · Cited by 3
Wieners, C., & Hálfdanarson, G. (2024) · Natural hazards and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/nhess-24-2971-2024 · Cited by 4
The Dry Fog of 1783: Environmental Impact and Human Reaction to the Lakagígar Eruption
Halldórsson, E. (2014) · Cited by 2
Schmidt, A., Thordarson, T., Oman, L. D., Robock, A. D., & Self, S. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2013jd021440 · Cited by 2
Self-citationAssous, F., & Lin, M. (2021) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2021.110603 · Cited by 1
Constraints on climate forcing by sulphate aerosols from seasonal changes in Earth's spin
Sottili, G. (2014) · Geophysical Journal International · doi:10.1093/gji/ggu099 · Cited by 1
Interdecadal Changes in the SST-Driven Teleconnections with the Sahel
Moreno, R. S. (2018) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99450-5_8 · Cited by 1
Eschatological Geographies—Mass Consumption, Uncontrolled Waste and the Capitalist False Prophet
Cloke, J. (2025) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/gec3.70021 · Cited by 1
Doubts, Uncertainties, and Qualms
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-003 · Cited by 1
Brugnatelli, V., & Tibaldi, A. (2021) · Bulletin of Volcanology · doi:10.1007/s00445-021-01479-8 · Cited by 1
Kleemann, K. (2023) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110731927-007 · Cited by 1
Schmidt, A. (2013) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34839-6_5
Essays in Global Games and Political Economy
Gole, T. R. (2013) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Risky Business: Altering the atmosphere
Hoag, H. (2007) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/climate.2007.27
stratospheric sulphate aerosols An overview of geoengineering of climate using
Soc, R., Stenchikov, G. L., García, R. R., Rasch, P. J., Tilmes, S., TURCO, R. P., Robock, A. D., & Oman, L. D. (2009)
Self-citationAgriculture in the Hellenistic Kingdoms
Manning, J. G. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781118970959.ch16
(2021) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-2021-260-rc1
(2021) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-2021-169-rc1
(2022) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-2021-169-rc2
Mackay, H., Plunkett, G., Jensen, B. J. L., et al. (2022) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-2021-170-cc1
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-010
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-004
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-009
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-007
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-002
Metcalfe, S. E., & Nash, D. J. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118336311.ch1
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-006
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-005
Global Change in the Biosphere
(2011) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822394662-008
Mackay, H. (2022) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-2021-170-ac2
Mackay, H. (2022) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-2021-170-ac1
Camenisch, C. (2022) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-2021-169-ac2
Camenisch, C. (2022) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-2021-169-ac1
Mackay, H. (2022) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-2021-170-ac3
Kirchner, I. (2021) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-2021-260-ac1
(2021) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-2021-260-rc2
Kirchner, I. (2021) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-2021-260-ac2
Metadata
- Authors
- Oman, L., Robock, A., Stenchikov, G. L., & Thordarson, T.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 18
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W1965690360
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- Laki eruption, African monsoon, Northern Hemisphere cooling, Sahel rainfall, monsoon circulation, volcanic forcing, eruption dating, food and water security
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review