The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Discovery of heavy negative ions in Titan's ionosphere
Open accessAbstract
Titan's ionosphere contains a rich positive ion population including organic molecules. Here, using CAPS electron spectrometer data from sixteen Titan encounters, we reveal the existence of negative ions. These ions, with densities up to ∼100 cm−3, are in mass groups of 10–30, 30–50, 50–80, 80–110, 110–200 and 200+ amu/charge. During one low encounter, negative ions with mass per charge as high as 10,000 amu/q are seen. Due to their unexpectedly high densities at ∼950 km altitude, these negative ions must play a key role in the ion chemistry and they may be important in the formation of organic‐rich aerosols (tholins) eventually falling to the surface.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Dusty plasmas in the solar system
Goertz, C. K. (1989) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/rg027i002p00271 · Cited by 1,694
The Process of Tholin Formation in Titan's Upper Atmosphere
Waite, J. H., Young, D. T., Cravens, T. E., Coates, A. J., Crary, F. J., Magee, B., & Westlake, J. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1139727 · Cited by 699
Self-citationIon Neutral Mass Spectrometer Results from the First Flyby of Titan
Waite, J. H., Niemann, H., Yelle, R. V., Kasprzak, W. T., Cravens, T. E., Luhmann, J. G., McNutt, R. L., Ip, W.-H., Gell, D., De La Haye, V., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110652 · Cited by 466
Self-citationDusty plasma effects in Saturn's magnetosphere
Horányi, M., Hartquist, T. W., Havnes, O., Mendis, D. A., & Morfill, G. E. (2004) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2004rg000151 · Cited by 405
Negative ions in the coma of comet Halley
Chaizy, P., Rème, H., Sauvaud, J. A., d'Uston, C., Lin, R. P., Larson, D. E., Mitchell, D. L., Anderson, K. A., Carlson, C. W., Korth, A., et al. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/349393a0 · Cited by 247
Cassini Measurements of Cold Plasma in the Ionosphere of Titan
Wahlund, J., Bostrōm, R., GUSTAFSSON, G., Gurnett, D. A., Kurth, W. S., Pedersen, A., Averkamp, T. F., Hospodarsky, G. B., Persoon, A. M., Canu, P., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1109807 · Cited by 199
Progress in planetary lightning
Desch, S. J., Borucki, W. J., Russell, C. T., & Bar‐Nun, A. (2002) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/65/6/202 · Cited by 70
Plasma electrons above Saturn's main rings: CAPS observations
Coates, A. J., McAndrews, H. J., Rymer, A. M., Young, D. T., Crary, F. J., Maurice, S., Johnson, R. E., Baragiola, R. A., Tokar, R. L., Sittler, E. C., Jr., et al. (2005) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2005gl022694 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Cited by
Formation of Amino Acids and Nucleotide Bases in a Titan Atmosphere Simulation Experiment
Hörst, S. M., Yelle, R. V., Buch, A., Carrasco, N., Cernogora, G., Dutuit, O., Quirico, E., Sciamma-O'Brien, E., Smith, M. A., Somogyi, Á., et al. (2012) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0623 · Cited by 208
Metadata
- Authors
- Coates, A. J., Crary, F. J., Lewis, G. R., Young, D. T., Waite, J. H., & Sittler, E. C.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 22
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2084201168
- Cited by
- 455
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 16.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Discovery of heavy negative ions in Titan's ionosphere. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1029/2007gl030978
- The paper
- Coates, A. J., Crary, F. J., Lewis, G. R., Young, D. T., Waite, J. H., & Sittler, E. C. (2007). Discovery of heavy negative ions in Titan's ionosphere. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl030978
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
